7. Brāhmaṇasaṃyuttaṃ · 7. 婆罗门相应
7. Brāhmaṇasaṃyuttaṃ7. 婆罗门相应
1. Arahantavaggo
1. 阿拉汉品
1. Dhanañjānīsuttaṃ1. 达难迦尼经
§187
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhāradvājagottassa brāhmaṇassa dhanañjānī nāma brāhmaṇī abhippasannā hoti buddhe ca dhamme ca saṅghe ca. Atha kho dhanañjānī brāhmaṇī bhāradvājagottassa brāhmaṇassa bhattaṃ upasaṃharantī upakkhalitvā tikkhattuṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
如是我闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林喂松鼠处。那时有一名巴拉德瓦迦族婆罗门,其妻名为达难迦尼,对佛、法、僧深具净信。那时达难迦尼婆罗门女为巴拉德瓦迦族婆罗门运送食物时,脚绊而即三称:
‘‘Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa;
「礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者;
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa;
礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者;
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti.
礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者。」
Evaṃ vutte, bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo dhanañjāniṃ brāhmaṇiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evamevaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Idāni tyāhaṃ, vasali, tassa satthuno vādaṃ āropessāmī’’ti. ‘‘Na khvāhaṃ taṃ, brāhmaṇa, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya, yo tassa bhagavato vādaṃ āropeyya arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Api ca tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, gaccha, gantvā vijānissasī’’ti .
如是说已,巴拉德瓦迦族婆罗门对达难迦尼婆罗门女言:「此贱女竟如是对彼秃头沙门任意赞叹。贱女,我今当破彼师之主张!」「婆罗门,我不见于含天、魔、梵之世间,于沙门、婆罗门、天、人之众中,有能破彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者之主张者。婆罗门,你且去,去了将会知道。」
Atha kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo kupito anattamano yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
那时,巴拉德瓦迦族婆罗门生气、不满意,前往世尊所在处;抵达后,与世尊相互问候。将相互问候、值得记忆的话语交谈完后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下后,巴拉德瓦迦族婆罗门以偈颂向世尊说——
‘‘Kiṃsu chetvā sukhaṃ seti, kiṃsu chetvā na socati;
「断除何法安乐卧?断除何法不忧愁?
Kissassu ekadhammassa, vadhaṃ rocesi gotamā’’ti.
果德玛啊,你认许断杀何非法品?」
‘‘Kodhaṃ chetvā sukhaṃ seti, kodhaṃ chetvā na socati;
「断瞋得安乐卧,断瞋则不忧愁;
Kodhassa visamūlassa, madhuraggassa brāhmaṇa;
婆罗门,瞋根有毒,其味甘美;
Vadhaṃ ariyā pasaṃsanti, tañhi chetvā na socatī’’ti.
圣者称赞杀此,断此无忧愁。」
Evaṃ vutte, bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Labheyyāhaṃ bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti.
如是说已,巴拉德瓦迦族婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者!太奇妙了,果德玛尊者!果德玛尊者,犹如扶正倒者,揭开覆者,对迷路者指示道路,于黑暗中持来油灯令有眼者见诸色——如是果德玛尊者以种种方便开示法。我今皈依果德玛尊者、法与比库僧。愿我得于果德玛尊者处出家,得受达上。」
Alattha kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā bhāradvājo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosīti.
巴拉德瓦迦族婆罗门于世尊处得出家,得受达上。受达上不久之巴拉德瓦迦尊者独住、远离、不放逸、热忱、精勤而住,不久即于现法中,以自通智作证、成就、具足而住,是诸善男子由俗家正出家至非家之无上梵行究竟。他证知:「生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有。」巴拉德瓦迦尊者成为阿拉汉中之一。
2. Akkosasuttaṃ2. 辱骂经
§188
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Assosi kho akkosakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo – ‘‘bhāradvājagotto kira brāhmaṇo samaṇassa gotamassa santike agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti kupito anattamano yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosati paribhāsati.
一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林喂松鼠处。骂詈巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门听说:「据说巴拉德瓦迦族婆罗门已于沙门果德玛处出家,从俗家入非家。」愤怒、不悦,前往世尊之处。到已以粗恶、不善之语对世尊骂詈、诽谤。
Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā akkosakabhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi, brāhmaṇa, api nu kho te āgacchanti mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā atithiyo ’’ti? ‘‘Appekadā me, bho gotama, āgacchanti mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā atithiyo’’ti. ‘‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, brāhmaṇa, api nu tesaṃ anuppadesi khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sāyanīyaṃ vā’’’ti? ‘‘‘Appekadā nesāhaṃ, bho gotama, anuppademi khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sāyanīyaṃ vā’’’ti. ‘‘‘Sace kho pana te, brāhmaṇa, nappaṭiggaṇhanti , kassa taṃ hotī’’’ti? ‘‘‘Sace te, bho gotama, nappaṭiggaṇhanti, amhākameva taṃ hotī’’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, brāhmaṇa, yaṃ tvaṃ amhe anakkosante akkosasi, arosente rosesi, abhaṇḍante bhaṇḍasi, taṃ te mayaṃ nappaṭiggaṇhāma. Tavevetaṃ, brāhmaṇa, hoti; tavevetaṃ, brāhmaṇa, hoti’’.
如是说已,世尊对骂詈巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门言:「婆罗门,汝意云何?汝之朋友、眷属、亲戚、客人等会来你家吗?」「果德玛尊者,我之朋友、眷属、亲戚、客人有时会来。」「婆罗门,汝意云何?汝是否会对彼等提供副食、主食、品尝之物?」「果德玛尊者,我有时会提供。」「婆罗门,若彼等不接受,此等供物归于谁?」「果德玛尊者,若彼等不接受,此等供物仍归于我。」「婆罗门,同样地,你以不骂詈者骂之,以不瞋怒者瞋之,以不争吵者争之,我等不接受你之此——它仍归于你,婆罗门;它仍归于你,婆罗门!
‘‘Yo kho, brāhmaṇa, akkosantaṃ paccakkosati, rosentaṃ paṭiroseti, bhaṇḍantaṃ paṭibhaṇḍati, ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, sambhuñjati vītiharatīti. Te mayaṃ tayā neva sambhuñjāma na vītiharāma. Tavevetaṃ, brāhmaṇa, hoti; tavevetaṃ, brāhmaṇa, hotī’’ti. ‘‘Bhavantaṃ kho gotamaṃ sarājikā parisā evaṃ jānāti – ‘arahaṃ samaṇo gotamo’ti. Atha ca pana bhavaṃ gotamo kujjhatī’’ti.
「婆罗门,凡以骂詈还骂詈,以瞋怒还瞋怒,以争吵还争吵者,婆罗门,此名为与彼共食、共处。我等与你不共食,不共处。婆罗门,它仍归于你;婆罗门,它仍归于你。」「国王及眷属认为果德玛尊者是阿拉汉,而果德玛尊者竟又起瞋。」
‘‘Akkodhassa kuto kodho, dantassa samajīvino;
「已无瞋者何来瞋?调御正命者;
Sammadaññā vimuttassa, upasantassa tādino.
正智解脱者、寂静、如如者。
‘‘Tasseva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati;
「对瞋怒者还瞋者,其恶更甚;
Kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ.
对瞋怒者不来瞋,得胜难胜之战。
‘‘Ubhinnamatthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca;
「作利益于二者——自己与他人;
Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammati.
知他人已瞋怒,具念而寂静。
‘‘Ubhinnaṃ tikicchantānaṃ, attano ca parassa ca;
「治疗二者之病——自己与他人;
Janā maññanti bāloti, ye dhammassa akovidā’’ti.
不善巧于法之人,视彼为愚者。」
Evaṃ vutte, akkosakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti.
如是说已,谩骂婆罗堕婆迦婆罗门对世尊如是说——「妙哉!果德玛先生!妙哉!果德玛先生!果德玛先生,犹如将倒者扶起,将覆者揭开,为迷路者指示道路,于黑暗中持来油灯『有眼者见诸色』,如是果德玛先生以种种方便开示法。我归依果德玛先生、法与比库僧团。尊者,愿我于果德玛先生座下得出家,愿我得达上。」
Alattha kho akkosakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā akkosakabhāradvājo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosīti.
婆罗门阿国萨咖巴拉德瓦迦在世尊座下获得出家,获得达上。具寿阿国萨咖巴拉德瓦迦达上不久,独自远离、不放逸、热诚、专精而住,不久即于现世自己以证智实现、证入并住于诸善男子正确地从在家出至非家的那究竟目标——梵行的终点。他证知:「生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。」具寿巴拉德瓦迦成为一位阿拉汉。
3. Asurindakasuttaṃ3. 阿苏林德咖经
§189
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Assosi kho asurindakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo – ‘‘bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo kira samaṇassa gotamassa santike agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti kupito anattamano yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosati paribhāsati. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi. Atha kho asurindakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘jitosi, samaṇa, jitosi, samaṇā’’ti.
一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林迦兰德咖喂食处。阿苏临达咖巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门听说:「据说巴拉德瓦迦族婆罗门已于沙门果德玛处出家,从俗家入非家。」愤怒、不悦,前往世尊之处。到已以粗恶、不善之语对世尊骂詈、诽谤。如是说时,世尊默然。于是阿苏临达咖巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门对世尊如是说:「你输了,沙门!你输了,沙门!」
‘‘Jayaṃ ve maññati bālo, vācāya pharusaṃ bhaṇaṃ;
「愚者以粗言,自以为得胜;
Jayañcevassa taṃ hoti, yā titikkhā vijānato.
于智者忍耐,彼方为真胜。
‘‘Tasseva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati;
「对瞋怒者还瞋者,其恶更甚;
Kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ.
对瞋怒者不来瞋,得胜难胜之战。
‘‘Ubhinnamatthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca;
「作利益于二者——自己与他人;
Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammati.
知他人已瞋怒,具念而寂静。
‘‘Ubhinnaṃ tikicchantānaṃ, attano ca parassa ca;
「治疗二者之病——自己与他人;
Janā maññanti bāloti, ye dhammassa akovidā’’ti.
不善巧于法之人,视彼为愚者。」
Evaṃ vutte, asurindakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī’’ti.
如是说已,阿苏临达咖巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……」巴拉德瓦迦尊者成为阿拉汉中之一。
4. Bilaṅgikasuttaṃ4. 比朗吉咖经
§190
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Assosi kho bilaṅgikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo – ‘‘bhāradvājagotto kira brāhmaṇo samaṇassa gotamassa santike agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti kupito anattamano yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tuṇhībhūto ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Atha kho bhagavā bilaṅgikassa bhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya bilaṅgikaṃ bhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀咖喂松鼠处。比朗吉咖帕拉德瓦迦婆罗门听说——「听说婆罗门族姓的巴拉德瓦迦已经从在家出家,成为非家,在沙门果德玛座下」,生气、不满,去到世尊所在之处;去到之后,沉默不语,站在一旁。那时,世尊以心知晓了比朗吉咖帕拉德瓦迦婆罗门心中所想,用偈颂对比朗吉咖帕拉德瓦迦婆罗门说——
‘‘Yo appaduṭṭhassa narassa dussati,
「凡对无过恼之人生恚害,
Suddhassa posassa anaṅgaṇassa;
对清净无垢之人者;
Tameva bālaṃ pacceti pāpaṃ,
此恶即反加于彼愚者,
Sukhumo rajo paṭivātaṃva khitto’’ti.
如逆风扬细尘。」
Evaṃ vutte, vilaṅgikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī’’ti.
如是说已,毕朗纪咖巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……」巴拉德瓦迦尊者成为阿拉汉中之一。
5. Ahiṃsakasuttaṃ5. 阿新萨咖经
§191
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho ahiṃsakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho ahiṃsakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahiṃsakāhaṃ, bho gotama, ahiṃsakāhaṃ, bho gotamā’’ti.
沙瓦提因缘。那时不害巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门往世尊之处。到已与世尊相互问候,寒暄已,坐于一面。坐于一面之不害巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门对世尊言:「果德玛尊者,我是不害者!果德玛尊者,我是不害者!」
‘‘Yathā nāmaṃ tathā cassa, siyā kho tvaṃ ahiṃsako;
「如名一般,当如是;你应是不害者;
Yo ca kāyena vācāya, manasā ca na hiṃsati;
凡以身、语、意不害者;
Sa ve ahiṃsako hoti, yo paraṃ na vihiṃsatī’’ti.
彼实是不害者,不害于他者。」
Evaṃ vutte, ahiṃsakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā ahiṃsakabhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī’’ti.
如是说已,不害巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……」巴拉德瓦迦尊者成为阿拉汉中之一。
6. Jaṭāsuttaṃ6. 结发经
§192
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Atha kho jaṭābhāradvājo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jaṭābhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
沙瓦提因缘。那时结发巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门往世尊之处。到已与世尊相互问候,寒暄已,坐于一面。坐于一面之结发巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门以偈对世尊说:
‘‘Antojaṭā bahijaṭā, jaṭāya jaṭitā pajā;
「内缠外缠结,人皆被缚于缠;
Taṃ taṃ gotama pucchāmi, ko imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭa’’nti.
果德玛,我问此——谁能解此缠?」
‘‘Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ;
「有慧之人立于戒,修心与慧;
Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭaṃ.
热忱、聪慧之比库,彼能解此缠。
‘‘Yesaṃ rāgo ca doso ca, avijjā ca virājitā;
「凡贪与瞋,及无明已离者;
Khīṇāsavā arahanto, tesaṃ vijaṭitā jaṭā.
漏尽之阿拉汉,彼等缠已解。
‘‘Yattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati;
「何处名色——无余而灭;
Paṭighaṃ rūpasaññā ca, etthesā chijjate jaṭā’’ti.
瞋与色想,于此缠已断。」
Evaṃ vutte, jaṭābhāradvājo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī’’ti.
如是说已,结发巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……」巴拉德瓦迦尊者成为阿拉汉中之一。
7. Suddhikasuttaṃ7. 苏地咖经
§193
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Atha kho suddhikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho suddhikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ ajjhabhāsi –
沙瓦提缘起。尔时,苏迪咖帕拉德瓦迦婆罗门诣向世尊处;诣已,与世尊相互问候。交换了值得记忆的友好交谈后,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的苏迪咖帕拉德瓦迦婆罗门在世尊面前说了此偈:
「何者净其戒,
正念而不放逸,
如何成就知,
解脱一切苦?」
世尊言:
「于此断无明,
证得于明智,
不执着诸色、
声、味、触诸法。
如是净其戒,
正念不放逸,
如是成就知,
解脱一切苦。」
‘‘Na brāhmaṇo sujjhati koci, loke sīlavāpi tapokaraṃ;
「无一婆罗门得清净,世间虽有戒者、苦行者;
Vijjācaraṇasampanno, so sujjhati na aññā itarā pajā’’ti.
明行具足方得清净,非余其他之人。」
‘‘Bahumpi palapaṃ jappaṃ, na jaccā hoti brāhmaṇo;
「虽多言而祈祷,非因生为婆罗门;
Antokasambu saṅkiliṭṭho, kuhanaṃ upanissito.
内心污秽染着,依赖诡诈之行。
‘‘Khattiyo brāhmaṇo vesso, suddo caṇḍālapukkuso;
「刹帝利、婆罗门、吠舍、首陀罗、旃陀罗、贱民——
Āraddhavīriyo pahitatto, niccaṃ daḷhaparakkamo;
勤精进、精勤自心,常恒坚固努力;
Pappoti paramaṃ suddhiṃ, evaṃ jānāhi brāhmaṇā’’ti.
达最上清净,婆罗门你当如是知。」
Evaṃ vutte, suddhikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī’’ti.
如是说已,苏迪咖·巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……」巴拉德瓦迦尊者成为阿拉汉中之一。
8. Aggikasuttaṃ8. 火祀经
§194
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena aggikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa sappinā pāyaso sannihito hoti – ‘‘aggiṃ juhissāmi, aggihuttaṃ paricarissāmī’’ti.
一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林喂松鼠处。那时火祭巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门备好酥油粥,心想:「我当行火祭,当事奉火。」
Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Rājagahe sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena aggikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Addasā kho aggikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya ṭhitaṃ. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
那时世尊于上午着下衣,持衣钵入王舍城乞食。于王舍城次第乞食时,前往火祭巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门之住处。到已立于一面。火祭巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门远远见世尊立乞食,见已以偈对世尊说:
‘‘Tīhi vijjāhi sampanno, jātimā sutavā bahū;
「具足三明者,生正、多闻者;
Vijjācaraṇasampanno, somaṃ bhuñjeyya pāyasa’’nti.
明行具足,彼应食此粥。」
‘‘Bahumpi palapaṃ jappaṃ, na jaccā hoti brāhmaṇo;
「虽多言而祈祷,非因生为婆罗门;
Antokasambu saṃkiliṭṭho, kuhanāparivārito.
内心污秽染着,为诡诈所围。
‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ yo vedī, saggāpāyañca passati;
「知宿命者,见天界与恶趣者;
Atho jātikkhayaṃ patto, abhiññāvosito muni.
及至生已尽者,通达之牟尼。
‘‘Etāhi tīhi vijjāhi, tevijjo hoti brāhmaṇo;
「以此三明,婆罗门具足三明;
Vijjācaraṇasampanno, somaṃ bhuñjeyya pāyasa’’nti.
明行具足,彼应食此粥。」
‘‘Bhuñjatu bhavaṃ gotamo. Brāhmaṇo bhava’’nti.
「请尊者果德玛用餐。你是婆罗门。」
‘‘Gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyaṃ,
「以偈咏而得之食,我不应食——
Sampassataṃ brāhmaṇa nesa dhammo;
婆罗门,如是观察者之法非此;
Gāthābhigītaṃ panudanti buddhā,
以偈咏而得之食,诸佛拒绝——
Dhamme sati brāhmaṇa vuttiresā.
婆罗门,法存时——此是他们之行。
‘‘Aññena ca kevalinaṃ mahesiṃ,
「然以其他食、饮,供养伟大、究竟者——
Khīṇāsavaṃ kukkuccavūpasantaṃ;
漏尽、恶作已息者;
Annena pānena upaṭṭhahassu,
以食与饮供养,
Khettañhi taṃ puññapekkhassa hotī’’ti.
彼是求福者之福田。」
Evaṃ vutte, aggikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… aññataro ca panāyasmā aggikabhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī’’ti.
如是说已,火祭婆罗门巴拉德瓦迦对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……」具寿火祭婆罗门巴拉德瓦迦成为阿拉汉中之一。
9. Sundarikasuttaṃ9. 孙德利咖经
§195
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu viharati sundarikāya nadiyā tīre. Tena kho pana samayena sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo sundarikāya nadiyā tīre aggiṃ juhati, aggihuttaṃ paricarati. Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo aggiṃ juhitvā aggihuttaṃ paricaritvā uṭṭhāyāsanā samantā catuddisā anuvilokesi – ‘‘ko nu kho imaṃ habyasesaṃ bhuñjeyyā’’ti? Addasā kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle sasīsaṃ pārutaṃ nisinnaṃ. Disvāna vāmena hatthena habyasesaṃ gahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena kamaṇḍaluṃ gahetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho bhagavā sundarikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa padasaddena sīsaṃ vivari. Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo ‘muṇḍo ayaṃ bhavaṃ, muṇḍako ayaṃ bhava’nti tatova puna nivattitukāmo ahosi. Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘muṇḍāpi hi idhekacce brāhmaṇā bhavanti; yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ upasaṅkamitvā jātiṃ puccheyya’nti.
一时,世尊住在憍萨罗,孙德利咖河岸边。尔时,孙德利咖·巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门在孙德利咖河岸边供养火,供奉火祭。那时,孙德利咖·巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门供养火、供奉火祭后,从座起,向四周四方环视:「谁能吃这剩余祭物呢?」孙德利咖·巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门看见世尊在某一棵树下,头用衣覆盖而坐。看见后,左手拿着剩余祭物,右手拿着水瓶,前往世尊所在之处。那时,世尊因孙德利咖·巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门的脚步声而露出头。那时,孙德利咖·巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门想:「这位尊者是剃发的,这位尊者是小剃发的」,他想从那里就折返。那时,孙德利咖·巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门这样想:「这里也有一些剃发的婆罗门;何不我前往问他的出生呢?」
Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘kiṃjacco bhava’nti?
善德利迦巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门见世尊坐于某树下,头覆衣。见已,以左手持余供物,以右手持水瓶,前往世尊处。到已,问世尊:「尊者生于何族?」
‘‘Mā jātiṃ puccha caraṇañca puccha,
「莫问其生,当问其行;
Kaṭṭhā have jāyati jātavedo;
火实由薪生;
Nīcākulīnopi muni dhitimā,
出身低微之牟尼若坚毅,
Ājānīyo hoti hirīnisedho.
亦成贤士,以惭愧自护。
‘‘Saccena danto damasā upeto,
「以真实调御,具足调伏;
Vedantagū vusitabrahmacariyo;
通达明者,梵行已立;
Yaññopanīto tamupavhayetha,
祭祀所献,应及时献——
Kālena so juhati dakkhiṇeyye’’ti.
于应受供养者。」
‘‘Addhā suyiṭṭhaṃ suhutaṃ mama yidaṃ,
「确实我此祭祀已善献、善供,
Yaṃ tādisaṃ vedagumaddasāmi;
因我见如是通达明者;
Tumhādisānañhi adassanena,
若未见你们之类,
Añño jano bhuñjati habyasesa’’nti.
他人将食此余供物。」
‘‘Bhuñjatu bhavaṃ gotamo. Brāhmaṇo bhava’’nti.
「请尊者果德玛用餐。你是婆罗门。」
‘‘Gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyaṃ,
「以偈咏而得之食,我不应食——
Sampassataṃ brāhmaṇa nesa dhammo;
婆罗门,如是观察者之法非此;
Gāthābhigītaṃ panudanti buddhā,
以偈咏而得之食,诸佛拒绝——
Dhamme sati brāhmaṇa vuttiresā.
婆罗门,法存时——此是他们之行。
‘‘Aññena ca kevalinaṃ mahesiṃ,
「然以其他食、饮,供养伟大、究竟者——
Khīṇāsavaṃ kukkuccavūpasantaṃ;
漏尽、恶作已息者;
Annena pānena upaṭṭhahassu,
以食与饮供养,
Khettañhi taṃ puññapekkhassa hotī’’ti.
彼是求福者之福田。」
‘‘Atha kassa cāhaṃ, bho gotama, imaṃ habyasesaṃ dammī’’ti? ‘‘Na khvāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya yasseso habyaseso bhutto sammā pariṇāmaṃ gaccheyya aññatra, brāhmaṇa, tathāgatassa vā tathāgatasāvakassa vā. Tena hi tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, taṃ habyasesaṃ appaharite vā chaḍḍehi appāṇake vā udake opilāpehī’’ti.
「果德玛尊者,那么我此余供物应给谁?」「婆罗门,于含天、魔、梵之世间,于沙门、婆罗门、天、人之众中,我不见有能食此余供物而正消化者——除如来或如来之声闻之外。是故,婆罗门,你将此余供物丢于无草处,或沉于无虫之水。」
Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo taṃ habyasesaṃ appāṇake udake opilāpesi. Atha kho so habyaseso udake pakkhitto cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati sandhūpāyati sampadhūpāyati . Seyyathāpi nāma phālo divasaṃsantatto udake pakkhitto cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati sandhūpāyati sampadhūpāyati; evameva so habyaseso udake pakkhitto cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati sandhūpāyati sampadhūpāyati.
于是孙德利咖巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门将那供物的残余倾倒在无生物的水中。于是那供物的残余投入水中时发出嗤嗤声、发出咝咝声、冒出烟、冒出蒸气。譬如犁头整日被烧热后投入水中发出嗤嗤声、发出咝咝声、冒出烟、冒出蒸气;同样地,那供物的残余投入水中时发出嗤嗤声、发出咝咝声、冒出烟、冒出蒸气。
Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho sundarikabhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ bhagavā gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
那时善德利迦巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门惊悚、毛竖,前往世尊处。到已立于一面。世尊以偈对立于一面之善德利迦巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门言:
‘‘Mā brāhmaṇa dāru samādahāno,
「婆罗门,莫燃木料——
Suddhiṃ amaññi bahiddhā hi etaṃ;
而以为清净;此是外在之事;
Na hi tena suddhiṃ kusalā vadanti,
善巧者不称此是清净——
Yo bāhirena parisuddhimicche.
以外在之法求清净者。
‘‘Hitvā ahaṃ brāhmaṇa dārudāhaṃ
「我舍燃木料,
Ajjhattamevujjalayāmi jotiṃ;
婆罗门,唯燃内在之光;
Niccagginī niccasamāhitatto,
常恒之火,常定之自身——
Arahaṃ ahaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carāmi.
阿拉汉、我行梵行。
‘‘Māno hi te brāhmaṇa khāribhāro,
「婆罗门,你的慢乃重担,
Kodho dhumo bhasmani mosavajjaṃ;
瞋是烟,妄语是灰;
Jivhā sujā hadayaṃ jotiṭhānaṃ,
舌是勺,心是光处——
Attā sudanto purisassa joti.
善调御之自己是人之光。
‘‘Dhammo rahado brāhmaṇa sīlatittho,
「婆罗门,法是湖,戒是渡口;
Anāvilo sabbhi sataṃ pasattho;
无浊、善士所赞;
Yattha have vedaguno sinātā,
凡通达明者于此沐浴,
Anallagattāva taranti pāraṃ.
身不湿而达彼岸。
‘‘Saccaṃ dhammo saṃyamo brahmacariyaṃ,
「真实、法、自制、梵行——
Majjhe sitā brāhmaṇa brahmapatti;
婆罗门,依中道达梵界;
Sa tujjubhūtesu namo karohi,
对正直者应礼敬——
Tamahaṃ naraṃ dhammasārīti brūmī’’ti.
我说彼人随法而行。」
Evaṃ vutte, sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī’’ti.
如是说已,善德利迦巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……」具寿巴拉德瓦迦成为阿拉汉中之一。
10. Bahudhītarasuttaṃ10. 多女经
§196
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu viharati aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhāradvājagottassa brāhmaṇassa catuddasa balībaddā naṭṭhā honti. Atha kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo te balībadde gavesanto yena so vanasaṇḍo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā addasa bhagavantaṃ tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. Disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
一时,世尊住在国萨拉,在某个丛林中。那时,某位巴拉德瓦迦族姓的婆罗门,十四头役牛失踪了。那时,巴拉德瓦迦族姓的婆罗门寻找那些役牛,前往那个丛林;前往后,看见世尊在那个丛林中坐着,结跏趺坐,保持身体正直,在面前建立起念。看见后,前往世尊处;前往后,在世尊面前说了这些偈颂——
‘‘Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, balībaddā catuddasa;
「此沙门应无十四只牛,
Ajjasaṭṭhiṃ na dissanti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.
六日不见——故此沙门乐。
‘‘Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, tilākhettasmi pāpakā;
「此沙门之胡麻田应无恶草,
Ekapaṇṇā dupaṇṇā ca, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.
单叶双叶之杂草——故此沙门乐。
‘‘Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, tucchakoṭṭhasmi mūsikā;
「此沙门之空谷仓应无老鼠,
Ussoḷhikāya naccanti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.
勇猛跳舞——故此沙门乐。
‘‘Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, santhāro sattamāsiko;
「此沙门之卧具应非七月,
Uppāṭakehi sañchanno, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.
为臭虫所覆——故此沙门乐。
‘‘Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, vidhavā satta dhītaro;
「此沙门应无七寡妇之女——
Ekaputtā duputtā ca, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.
独子、二子——故此沙门乐。
‘‘Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, piṅgalā tilakāhatā;
「此沙门应无黄脸之有斑妇,
Sottaṃ pādena bodheti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.
以足唤醒入眠者——故此沙门乐。
‘‘Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, paccūsamhi iṇāyikā;
「此沙门于黎明时应无债主,
Detha dethāti codenti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī’’ti.
催言『给!给!』——故此沙门乐。」
‘‘Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, balībaddā catuddasa;
「婆罗门,我实无十四只牛,
Ajjasaṭṭhiṃ na dissanti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.
六日不见——故我乐,婆罗门。
‘‘Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, tilākhettasmi pāpakā;
「婆罗门,我之胡麻田实无恶草,
Ekapaṇṇā dupaṇṇā ca, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.
单叶双叶之杂草——故我乐,婆罗门。
‘‘Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, tucchakoṭṭhasmi mūsikā;
「婆罗门,我之空谷仓实无老鼠,
Ussoḷhikāya naccanti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.
勇猛跳舞——故我乐,婆罗门。
‘‘Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, santhāro sattamāsiko;
「婆罗门,我之卧具实非七月,
Uppāṭakehi sañchanno, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.
为臭虫所覆——故我乐,婆罗门。
‘‘Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, vidhavā satta dhītaro;
「婆罗门,我实无七寡妇之女——
Ekaputtā duputtā ca, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.
独子、二子——故我乐,婆罗门。
‘‘Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, piṅgalā tilakāhatā;
「婆罗门,我实无黄脸之有斑妇,
Sottaṃ pādena bodheti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.
以足唤醒入眠者——故我乐,婆罗门。
‘‘Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, paccūsamhi iṇāyikā;
「婆罗门,我于黎明时实无债主,
Detha dethāti codenti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī’’ti.
催言『给!给!』——故我乐,婆罗门。」
Evaṃ vutte, bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evameva bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Labheyyāhaṃ bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti.
如是说已,巴拉德瓦迦族的婆罗门对世尊如是说——「殊胜啊,果德玛尊者!殊胜啊,果德玛尊者!果德玛尊者,犹如把覆盖者翻正,或把隐藏者揭露,或为迷路者指示道路,或在黑暗中持来油灯——有眼者将看见诸色;同样地,法被果德玛尊者以种种方式阐明。我皈依果德玛尊者、法和比库僧团。愿我能在果德玛尊者面前得出家,愿我能得达上。」
Alattha kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Acirūpasampanno panāyasmā bhāradvājo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosīti.
帕拉德瓦迦族的婆罗门在世尊座前获得出家,获得具足戒。具寿帕拉德瓦迦具足戒不久,独自隐退,不放逸,热诚,自励而住,不久即在当生中以自证智自作证,具足后住于诸善男子从在家正确地出家向非家之目的——梵行无上之目标。他证知:'生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,无有再生于此状态。'具寿帕拉德瓦迦成为阿拉汉之一。
Arahantavaggo paṭhamo. · 阿拉汉品第一
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂──
Dhanañjānī ca akkosaṃ, asurindaṃ bilaṅgikaṃ;
「达难迦尼、骂詈、
Ahiṃsakaṃ jaṭā ceva, suddhikañceva aggikā;
阿苏临达咖、比兰揭咖;
Sundarikaṃ bahudhītarena ca te dasāti.
不害、结发、净洁、火祭、
2. Upāsakavaggo
善德利迦、多女——此十也。」
1. Kasibhāradvājasuttaṃ1. 耕者帕拉德瓦迦经
§197
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā magadhesu viharati dakkhiṇāgirismiṃ ekanāḷāyaṃ brāhmaṇagāme. Tena kho pana samayena kasibhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa pañcamattāni naṅgalasatāni payuttāni honti vappakāle. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena kasibhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto tenupasaṅkami.
如是我闻:一时,世尊住在马嘎达之南山一名为一苇之婆罗门村。那时耕种帕拉德瓦迦婆罗门于播种时备妥五百犁。那时世尊于上午着下衣、持衣钵,往耕种帕拉德瓦迦婆罗门工作之处。
Tena kho pana samayena kasibhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa parivesanā vattati. Atha kho bhagavā yena parivesanā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Addasā kho kasibhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya ṭhitaṃ. Disvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahaṃ kho, samaṇa, kasāmi ca vapāmi ca, kasitvā ca vapitvā ca bhuñjāmi. Tvampi, samaṇa, kasassu ca vapassu ca, kasitvā ca vapitvā ca bhuñjassū’’ti. ‘‘Ahampi kho, brāhmaṇa, kasāmi ca vapāmi ca, kasitvā ca vapitvā ca bhuñjāmī’’ti. Na kho mayaṃ passāma bhoto gotamassa yugaṃ vā naṅgalaṃ vā phālaṃ vā pācanaṃ vā balībadde vā, atha ca pana bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha – ‘‘ahampi kho, brāhmaṇa, kasāmi ca vapāmi ca, kasitvā ca vapitvā ca bhuñjāmī’’ti . Atha kho kasibhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
尔时,耕者婆罗德瓦迦婆罗门正在分发食物。于是世尊前往分发之处;到达后,站在一旁。耕者婆罗德瓦迦婆罗门看见世尊站立行乞。看到后,对世尊如此说:「我耕作并播种,耕作并播种后进食。你也,沙门,耕作并播种,耕作并播种后进食。」「我也,婆罗门,耕作并播种,耕作并播种后进食。」「我们并未看见果德玛尊者的轭、犁、犁铧、犁尖或牛,然而果德玛尊者却如此说:『我也,婆罗门,耕作并播种,耕作并播种后进食。』」于是耕者婆罗德瓦迦婆罗门以偈颂对世尊说:
‘‘Kassako paṭijānāsi, na ca passāmi te kasiṃ;
「你自称为耕种者,然我不见你之耕种;
Kassako pucchito brūhi, kathaṃ jānemu taṃ kasi’’nti.
作为耕种者请答——我等如何能知你之耕种?」
‘‘Saddhā bījaṃ tapo vuṭṭhi, paññā me yuganaṅgalaṃ;
「信是种子、苦行是雨水,慧是我之犁与轭;
Hirī īsā mano yottaṃ, sati me phālapācanaṃ.
惭是辕、心是绳,念是我之犁头与刺棒。
‘‘Kāyagutto vacīgutto, āhāre udare yato;
「身已守护、语已守护,于食之量知节制;
Saccaṃ karomi niddānaṃ, soraccaṃ me pamocanaṃ.
真实于我是割草,柔和于我是解脱。
‘‘Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhaṃ, yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ;
「精进于我是载重之牛,运至安稳之境;
Gacchati anivattantaṃ, yattha gantvā na socati.
前往不退转,至彼处即无忧。
‘‘Evamesā kasī kaṭṭhā, sā hoti amatapphalā;
「如是此耕种已作,其果为不死之果;
Etaṃ kasiṃ kasitvāna, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī’’ti.
既作此耕种,即从一切苦解脱。」
‘‘Bhuñjatu bhavaṃ gotamo. Kassako bhavaṃ. Yañhi bhavaṃ gotamo amatapphalampi kasiṃ kasatī’’ti .
「请尊者果德玛用餐。果德玛尊者是耕种者——因果德玛尊者耕种不死之果之田。」
‘‘Gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyaṃ,
「以偈咏而得之食,我不应食——
Sampassataṃ brāhmaṇa nesa dhammo;
婆罗门,如是观察者之法非此;
Gāthābhigītaṃ panudanti buddhā,
以偈咏而得之食,诸佛拒绝——
Dhamme sati brāhmaṇa vuttiresā.
婆罗门,法存时——此是他们之行。
‘‘Aññena ca kevalinaṃ mahesiṃ,
「然以其他食、饮,供养伟大、究竟者——
Khīṇāsavaṃ kukkuccavūpasantaṃ;
漏尽、恶作已息者;
Annena pānena upaṭṭhahassu,
以食与饮供养,
Khettañhi taṃ puññapekkhassa hotī’’ti.
彼是求福者之福田。」
Evaṃ vutte, kasibhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
如是说已,耕种婆罗堕婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……从今起我终生皈依。」
2. Udayasuttaṃ2. 伍德亚经
§198
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena udayassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho udayo brāhmaṇo bhagavato pattaṃ odanena pūresi. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena udayassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami…pe… tatiyampi kho udayo brāhmaṇo bhagavato pattaṃ odanena pūretvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pakaṭṭhakoyaṃ samaṇo gotamo punappunaṃ āgacchatī’’ti.
沙瓦提因缘。那时世尊于上午着下衣、持衣钵,前往伍德亚婆罗门之住处。那时伍德亚婆罗门以米饭盛满世尊之钵。第二次世尊于上午着下衣、持衣钵……第三次伍德亚婆罗门以米饭盛满世尊之钵。然后对世尊言:「此沙门果德玛贪食,一而再、再而三来此。」
‘‘Punappunañceva vapanti bījaṃ, punappunaṃ vassati devarājā;
「一次又一次地播下种子,一次又一次天王降雨;
Punappunaṃ khettaṃ kasanti kassakā, punappunaṃ dhaññamupeti raṭṭhaṃ.
一次又一次耕种者耕田,一次又一次谷物至国。
‘‘Punappunaṃ yācakā yācayanti, punappunaṃ dānapatī dadanti;
「一次又一次乞者乞求,一次又一次施主施与;
Punappunaṃ dānapatī daditvā, punappunaṃ saggamupenti ṭhānaṃ.
一次又一次施主施已,一次又一次至于天处。
‘‘Punappunaṃ khīranikā duhanti, punappunaṃ vaccho upeti mātaraṃ;
「一次又一次牧者挤奶,一次又一次犊子近母;
Punappunaṃ kilamati phandati ca, punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando.
一次又一次疲劳震颤,一次又一次愚者入胎。
‘‘Punappunaṃ jāyati mīyati ca, punappunaṃ sivathikaṃ haranti;
「一次又一次生而死,一次又一次运至墓场;
Maggañca laddhā apunabbhavāya, na punappunaṃ jāyati bhūripañño’’ti .
得道而不再有,广慧者不再生。」
Evaṃ vutte, udayo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
如是说已,伍达雅婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……从今起我终生皈依。」
3. Devahitasuttaṃ3. 天利经
§199
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā vātehābādhiko hoti; āyasmā ca upavāṇo bhagavato upaṭṭhāko hoti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ upavāṇaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘iṅgha me tvaṃ, upavāṇa, uṇhodakaṃ jānāhī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā upavāṇo bhagavato paṭissutvā nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena devahitassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tuṇhībhūto ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Addasā kho devahito brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ upavāṇaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ. Disvāna āyasmantaṃ upavāṇaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
沙瓦提因缘。尔时,世尊患风病;具寿伍波瓦那是世尊的侍者。于是世尊对具寿伍波瓦那说:「来,伍波瓦那,你为我取温水。」「是,尊者。」具寿伍波瓦那应诺世尊后,着下衣,取钵与衣,前往天利婆罗门的住处;抵达后,默然站立一旁。天利婆罗门看见具寿伍波瓦那默然站立一旁。看见后,以偈对具寿伍波瓦那说:
‘‘Tuṇhībhūto bhavaṃ tiṭṭhaṃ, muṇḍo saṅghāṭipāruto;
「尊者默然立,剃发披桑喀帝衣;
Kiṃ patthayāno kiṃ esaṃ, kiṃ nu yācitumāgato’’ti.
欲何?求何?来此乞何?」
‘‘Arahaṃ sugato loke, vātehābādhiko muni;
「阿拉汉、善逝于世间,是患风病之牟尼;
Sace uṇhodakaṃ atthi, munino dehi brāhmaṇa.
若有热水,请施于牟尼,婆罗门。
‘‘Pūjito pūjaneyyānaṃ, sakkareyyāna sakkato;
「应受供养者已受供养,应受尊敬者已受尊敬;
Apacito apaceyyānaṃ , tassa icchāmi hātave’’ti.
应受礼敬者已受礼敬,我欲为他携此。」
Atha kho devahito brāhmaṇo uṇhodakassa kājaṃ purisena gāhāpetvā phāṇitassa ca puṭaṃ āyasmato upavāṇassa pādāsi. Atha kho āyasmā upavāṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ uṇhodakena nhāpetvā uṇhodakena phāṇitaṃ āloletvā bhagavato pādāsi. Atha kho bhagavato ābādho paṭippassambhi.
那时天护婆罗门令一人持一担热水,又送一袋黑糖给伍波瓦那尊者。那时伍波瓦那尊者前往世尊之处。到已以热水为世尊沐浴,以热水调和黑糖后奉献世尊。那时世尊之病即平息。
Atha kho devahito brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho devahito brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
那时,迭瓦黑德婆罗门走向世尊;走向后,与世尊互相问候。互相问候、友好交谈后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的迭瓦黑德婆罗门以偈颂向世尊说——
‘‘Kattha dajjā deyyadhammaṃ, kattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ;
「当施于何处?于何处所施者果大?
Kathañhi yajamānassa, kathaṃ ijjhati dakkhiṇā’’ti.
祭祀者应如何?其供品如何方有效?」
‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ yo vedī, saggāpāyañca passati;
「知宿命者,见天界与恶趣者;
Atho jātikkhayaṃ patto, abhiññāvosito muni.
及至生已尽者,通达之牟尼。
‘‘Ettha dajjā deyyadhammaṃ, ettha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ;
「应施于彼处,彼处所施者果大;
Evañhi yajamānassa, evaṃ ijjhati dakkhiṇā’’ti.
祭祀者应如是,其供品如是方有效。」
Evaṃ vutte, devahito brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
如是说已,天护婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……从今起我终生皈依。」
4. Mahāsālasuttaṃ4. 大沙喇经
§200
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Atha kho aññataro brāhmaṇamahāsālo lūkho lūkhapāvuraṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kinnu tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, lūkho lūkhapāvuraṇo’’ti? ‘‘Idha me, bho gotama, cattāro puttā. Te maṃ dārehi saṃpuccha gharā nikkhāmentī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, imā gāthāyo pariyāpuṇitvā sabhāyaṃ mahājanakāye sannipatite puttesu ca sannisinnesu bhāsassu –
沙瓦提因缘。那时某大富婆罗门,粗陋、衣衫粗陋,前往世尊之处。到已与世尊相互问候,寒暄已,坐于一面。世尊对坐于一面之彼大富婆罗门言:「婆罗门,为何你如此粗陋、衣衫粗陋?」「果德玛尊者,我有四子。彼等与妻共谋,将我逐出家门。」「婆罗门,你当学此偈,于大众集会之处、诸子共坐时诵之:
‘‘Yehi jātehi nandissaṃ, yesañca bhavamicchisaṃ;
「『我因彼等之生而欢喜,冀望彼等之成长;
Te maṃ dārehi saṃpuccha, sāva vārenti sūkaraṃ.
彼等与妻共谋,如对猪般驱赶我。
‘‘Asantā kira maṃ jammā, tāta tātāti bhāsare;
「『此等非善之恶徒,口称父亲父亲;
Rakkhasā puttarūpena, te jahanti vayogataṃ.
是罗刹子之形,于年迈时舍弃我。
‘‘Assova jiṇṇo nibbhogo, khādanā apanīyati;
「『如老马被移离饲槽,
Bālakānaṃ pitā thero, parāgāresu bhikkhati.
愚儿之老父,于他家乞食。
‘‘Daṇḍova kira me seyyo, yañce puttā anassavā;
「『实杖胜过我不孝之子;
Caṇḍampi goṇaṃ vāreti, atho caṇḍampi kukkuraṃ.
杖可御凶牛,亦可御恶犬。
‘‘Andhakāre pure hoti, gambhīre gādhamedhati;
「『于暗处可作前导,于深处可探浅处;
Daṇḍassa ānubhāvena, khalitvā patitiṭṭhatī’’ti.
依杖之威力,跌倒仍能立起。』」
Atha kho so brāhmaṇamahāsālo bhagavato santike imā gāthāyo pariyāpuṇitvā sabhāyaṃ mahājanakāye sannipatite puttesu ca sannisinnesu abhāsi –
那时彼大婆罗门于世尊处学此偈已,于大众集会之处、诸子共坐时诵此偈:
‘‘Yehi jātehi nandissaṃ, yesañca bhavamicchisaṃ;
「我因彼等之生而欢喜,冀望彼等之成长;
Te maṃ dārehi saṃpuccha, sāva vārenti sūkaraṃ.
彼等与妻共谋,如对猪般驱赶我。
‘‘Asantā kira maṃ jammā, tāta tātāti bhāsare;
「此等非善之恶徒,口称父亲父亲;
Rakkhasā puttarūpena, te jahanti vayogataṃ.
是罗刹子之形,于年迈时舍弃我。
‘‘Assova jiṇṇo nibbhogo, khādanā apanīyati;
「如老马被移离饲槽,
Bālakānaṃ pitā thero, parāgāresu bhikkhati.
愚儿之老父,于他家乞食。
‘‘Daṇḍova kira me seyyo, yañce puttā anassavā;
「实杖胜过我不孝之子;
Caṇḍampi goṇaṃ vāreti, atho caṇḍampi kukkuraṃ.
杖可御凶牛,亦可御恶犬。
‘‘Andhakāre pure hoti, gambhīre gādhamedhati;
「于暗处可作前导,于深处可探浅处;
Daṇḍassa ānubhāvena, khalitvā patitiṭṭhatī’’ti.
依杖之威力,跌倒仍能立起。」
Atha kho naṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālaṃ puttā gharaṃ netvā nhāpetvā paccekaṃ dussayugena acchādesuṃ. Atha kho so brāhmaṇamahāsālo ekaṃ dussayugaṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho brāhmaṇamahāsālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayaṃ, bho gotama, brāhmaṇā nāma ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ pariyesāma. Paṭiggaṇhatu me bhavaṃ gotamo ācariyadhana’’nti. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya. Atha kho so brāhmaṇamahāsālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
那时,那位大富婆罗门的诸子带他回家,为他沐浴后,各以一双衣覆盖他。那时,那位大富婆罗门拿着一双衣,去到世尊所在之处;抵达后,与世尊互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的话语后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的那位大富婆罗门对世尊如是说:「果德玛先生,我们婆罗门寻求老师的老师财。愿果德玛先生接受我的老师财。」世尊出于怜悯而接受了。那时,那位大富婆罗门对世尊如是说:「极善哉,果德玛先生,极善哉,果德玛先生。果德玛先生,犹如使倒者立起,使覆盖者显露,为迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持来油灯,使有眼者能见诸色,果德玛先生以种种方便开示法。果德玛先生,我归依果德玛先生、法及比库僧团。愿果德玛先生忆持我为近事男,从今日起终生归依。」
5. Mānatthaddhasuttaṃ5. 慢傲经
§201
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Tena kho pana samayena mānatthaddho nāma brāhmaṇo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati. So neva mātaraṃ abhivādeti, na pitaraṃ abhivādeti, na ācariyaṃ abhivādeti, na jeṭṭhabhātaraṃ abhivādeti. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā mahatiyā parisāya parivuto dhammaṃ deseti. Atha kho mānatthaddhassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho samaṇo gotamo mahatiyā parisāya parivuto dhammaṃ deseti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ. Sace maṃ samaṇo gotamo ālapissati, ahampi taṃ ālapissāmi. No ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo ālapissati, ahampi nālapissāmī’’ti. Atha kho mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tuṇhībhūto ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Atha kho bhagavā taṃ nālapi. Atha kho mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo – ‘nāyaṃ samaṇo gotamo kiñci jānātī’ti tatova puna nivattitukāmo ahosi. Atha kho bhagavā mānatthaddhassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya mānatthaddhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
沙瓦提缘起。尔时,名为慢傲的婆罗门住在沙瓦提。他既不礼敬母亲,也不礼敬父亲,也不礼敬老师,也不礼敬长兄。尔时,世尊被大众围绕着说法。那时,慢傲婆罗门这样想:「这位沙门果德玛被大众围绕着说法。我何不前往沙门果德玛那里。如果沙门果德玛对我说话,我也会对他说话。如果沙门果德玛不对我说话,我也不说话。」那时,慢傲婆罗门前往世尊那里;前往后,默然站立在一旁。那时,世尊没有对他说话。那时,慢傲婆罗门想:「这位沙门果德玛什么都不知道。」就从那里想要返回。那时,世尊以心知慢傲婆罗门心中的思惟后,以偈颂对慢傲婆罗门说:
‘‘Na mānaṃ brāhmaṇa sādhu, atthikassīdha brāhmaṇa;
「婆罗门,慢非善法,于此有求之婆罗门;
Yena atthena āgacchi, tamevamanubrūhaye’’ti.
为何义而来,即当为彼义而修习。」
Atha kho mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo – ‘‘cittaṃ me samaṇo gotamo jānātī’’ti tattheva bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati, nāmañca sāveti – ‘‘mānatthaddhāhaṃ, bho gotama, mānatthaddhāhaṃ, bho gotamā’’ti. Atha kho sā parisā abbhutacittajātā ahosi – ‘acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho! Ayañhi mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo neva mātaraṃ abhivādeti, na pitaraṃ abhivādeti, na ācariyaṃ abhivādeti, na jeṭṭhabhātaraṃ abhivādeti; atha ca pana samaṇe gotame evarūpaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ karotī’ti. Atha kho bhagavā mānatthaddhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘alaṃ, brāhmaṇa , uṭṭhehi, sake āsane nisīda. Yato te mayi cittaṃ pasanna’’nti. Atha kho mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo sake āsane nisīditvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
那时慢顽固婆罗门:「沙门果德玛已知我心!」即于彼处以头顶礼世尊之足,以口亲吻世尊之足,以手抚摸,称名言:「果德玛尊者,我是慢顽固;果德玛尊者,我是慢顽固!」那时彼大众生希有未曾有之想:「实稀有!实未曾有!此慢顽固婆罗门不礼敬母、不礼敬父、不礼敬师、不礼敬长兄——竟于沙门果德玛处作如此最上之敬意!」那时世尊对慢顽固婆罗门言:「够了,婆罗门,起来,坐于自己之座位上——因你对我已净信。」那时慢顽固婆罗门坐于自己之座位上,以偈对世尊说:
‘‘Kesu na mānaṃ kayirātha, kesu cassa sagāravo;
「对何人不应慢?对何人应尊敬?
Kyassa apacitā assu, kyassu sādhu supūjitā’’ti.
应对何人恭敬?对何人应善供养?」
‘‘Mātari pitari cāpi, atho jeṭṭhamhi bhātari;
「于母与父亦如是,于长兄;
Ācariye catutthamhi,
第四于师——
Tesu na mānaṃ kayirātha;
对彼等不应慢。
Tesu assa sagāravo,
对彼等应尊敬,
Tyassa apacitā assu;
对彼等应恭敬;
Tyassu sādhu supūjitā.
对彼等应善供养。
‘‘Arahante sītībhūte, katakicce anāsave;
「清凉之阿拉汉,所作已作、漏已尽;
Nihacca mānaṃ athaddho, te namasse anuttare’’ti.
舍慢、无顽固,对彼无上者应礼敬。」
Evaṃ vutte, mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
如是说已,慢顽固婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……从今起我终生皈依。」
6. Paccanīkasuttaṃ6. 反论乐经
§202
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Tena kho pana samayena paccanīkasāto nāma brāhmaṇo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati. Atha kho paccanīkasātassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ. Yaṃ yadeva samaṇo gotamo bhāsissati taṃ tadevassāhaṃ paccanīkāssa’’nti . Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā abbhokāse caṅkamati. Atha kho paccanīkasāto brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ caṅkamantaṃ etadavoca – ‘bhaṇa samaṇadhamma’nti.
沙瓦提因缘。那时名为反论乐之婆罗门住在沙瓦提城。那时反论乐婆罗门心想:「我何不前往沙门果德玛之处。沙门果德玛无论说什么,我即反论之。」那时世尊在露地经行。那时反论乐婆罗门前往世尊之处。到已对正在经行的世尊说:「请说沙门法。」
‘‘Na paccanīkasātena, suvijānaṃ subhāsitaṃ;
「以反论之喜者,难悟善说之语;
Upakkiliṭṭhacittena, sārambhabahulena ca.
以污秽心者,及多好争吵者。
‘‘Yo ca vineyya sārambhaṃ, appasādañca cetaso;
而凡能调伏争竞,以及心的不悦者;
Āghātaṃ paṭinissajja, sa ve jaññā subhāsita’’nti.
舍瞋恨者,彼能知善说之语。」
Evaṃ vutte, paccanīkasāto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
如是说已,反论乐婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……从今起我终生皈依。」
7. Navakammikasuttaṃ7. 新作经
§203
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu viharati aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe . Tena kho pana samayena navakammikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe kammantaṃ kārāpeti. Addasā kho navakammikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ sālarukkhamūle nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. Disvānassa etadahosi – ‘‘ahaṃ kho imasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe kammantaṃ kārāpento ramāmi. Ayaṃ samaṇo gotamo kiṃ kārāpento ramatī’’ti? Atha kho navakammikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
一时,世尊住在国萨拉的某个丛林中。那时,新工巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门正在那个丛林中使人作业。新工巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门看见世尊坐在某棵沙罗树下,盘腿而坐,保持身体正直,在面前建立起念。看见后,他这样想:「我在这个丛林中使人作业而获得欢乐。这位果德玛沙门使什么作业而获得欢乐呢?」那时,新工巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门前往世尊所在之处。抵达后,以偈颂对世尊说:
‘‘Ke nu kammantā karīyanti, bhikkhu sālavane tava;
「比库,你于此沙罗林作何事?
Yadekako araññasmiṃ, ratiṃ vindati gotamo’’ti.
独自于林中,果德玛你得何乐?」
‘‘Na me vanasmiṃ karaṇīyamatthi,
「我于林中无应作之事,
Ucchinnamūlaṃ me vanaṃ visūkaṃ;
我之林已断根;
Svāhaṃ vane nibbanatho visallo,
我于林中无林、无刺;
Eko rame aratiṃ vippahāyā’’ti.
独乐舍不乐。」
Evaṃ vutte, navakammikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
如是说已,新作工巴拉德瓦迦婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……从今起我终生皈依。」
8. Kaṭṭhahārasuttaṃ8. 拾薪经
§204
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu viharati aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhāradvājagottassa brāhmaṇassa sambahulā antevāsikā kaṭṭhahārakā māṇavakā yena vanasaṇḍo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā addasaṃsu bhagavantaṃ tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. Disvāna yena bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhāradvājagottaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yagghe, bhavaṃ jāneyyāsi! Asukasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe samaṇo nisinno pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā’’. Atha kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo tehi māṇavakehi saddhiṃ yena so vanasaṇḍo tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho bhagavantaṃ tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. Disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
一时,世尊住在国萨拉的某个丛林中。尔时,某位巴拉德瓦迦姓的婆罗门有众多在学的学童去拾柴,走近那个丛林;走近后,他们看见世尊坐在那个丛林中,结跏趺坐,正直其身,置念于面前。看见后,他们走近巴拉德瓦迦姓的婆罗门;走近后,对巴拉德瓦迦姓的婆罗门这样说——「尊者应当知道!某个丛林中有一位沙门坐着,结跏趺坐,正直其身,置念于面前。」于是,巴拉德瓦迦姓的婆罗门与那些学童一起走近那个丛林。他看见世尊坐在那个丛林中,结跏趺坐,正直其身,置念于面前。看见后,走近世尊;走近后,以偈颂对世尊说——
‘‘Gambhīrarūpe bahubherave vane,
「进入甚深可怖之林、
Suññaṃ araññaṃ vijanaṃ vigāhiya;
空寂无人之野;
Aniñjamānena ṭhitena vaggunā,
不动坚立、庄严——
Sucārurūpaṃ vata bhikkhu jhāyasi.
比库,你作美妙之禅修。
‘‘Na yattha gītaṃ napi yattha vāditaṃ,
「无歌无乐之处,
Eko araññe vanavassito muni;
独自入林之牟尼;
Accherarūpaṃ paṭibhāti maṃ idaṃ,
实于我显为希有——
Yadekako pītimano vane vase.
欢喜心独住于林。
‘‘Maññāmahaṃ lokādhipatisahabyataṃ,
「我思你冀求共世间主,
Ākaṅkhamāno tidivaṃ anuttaraṃ;
冀望无上三十三天;
Kasmā bhavaṃ vijanamaraññamassito,
何故你至此空寂之林?
Tapo idha kubbasi brahmapattiyā’’ti.
于此作苦行为得梵天界?」
‘‘Yā kāci kaṅkhā abhinandanā vā,
「凡一切疑惑与欢喜,
Anekadhātūsu puthū sadāsitā;
常依于种种界者;
Aññāṇamūlappabhavā pajappitā,
由无知而生之渴爱——
Sabbā mayā byantikatā samūlikā.
我已连根除灭一切。
‘‘Svāhaṃ akaṅkho asito anūpayo,
「我无疑、无依、无执;
Sabbesu dhammesu visuddhadassano;
于一切法具清净见;
Pappuyya sambodhimanuttaraṃ sivaṃ,
证得无上寂静之正觉——
Jhāyāmahaṃ brahma raho visārado’’ti.
婆罗门,我独处禅修、无畏。」
Evaṃ vutte, bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
如是说已,巴拉德瓦迦族婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……从今起我终生皈依。」
9. Mātuposakasuttaṃ9. 养母经
§205
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho mātuposako brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho mātuposako brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahañhi, bho gotama, dhammena bhikkhaṃ pariyesāmi, dhammena bhikkhaṃ pariyesitvā mātāpitaro posemi. Kaccāhaṃ, bho gotama, evaṃkārī kiccakārī homī’’ti? ‘‘Taggha tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, evaṃkārī kiccakārī hosi. Yo kho, brāhmaṇa, dhammena bhikkhaṃ pariyesati, dhammena bhikkhaṃ pariyesitvā mātāpitaro poseti, bahuṃ so puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti.
沙瓦提因缘。那时养母婆罗门前往世尊之处。到已与世尊相互问候,寒暄已,坐于一面。坐于一面之养母婆罗门对世尊言:「果德玛尊者,我以正当之方法寻求乞食。以正当之方法寻求乞食后供养父母。果德玛尊者,我如此行,是否作我所应作?」「婆罗门,善哉!善哉!婆罗门,你如此行,是作你所应作。婆罗门,凡以正当之方法寻求乞食,以正当之方法寻求乞食后供养父母者,彼积累许多福德。」
‘‘Yo mātaraṃ pitaraṃ vā, macco dhammena posati;
「凡人依法,奉养母与父;
Tāya naṃ pāricariyāya, mātāpitūsu paṇḍitā;
因承事彼等,贤智者赞叹——
Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī’’ti.
此世间中人们称赞彼,死后于天界欢喜。」
Evaṃ vutte, mātuposako brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
如是说已,养母婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,尊者果德玛!太奇妙了,尊者果德玛!……从今起终生皈依,请尊者果德玛忆持我为近事男。」
10. Bhikkhakasuttaṃ10. 乞食经
§206
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho bhikkhako brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhikkhako brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahampi kho, bho gotama, bhikkhako, bhavampi bhikkhako, idha no kiṃ nānākaraṇa’’nti?
沙瓦提因缘。那时名为乞食之婆罗门前往世尊之处。到已与世尊相互问候,寒暄已,坐于一面。坐于一面之乞食婆罗门对世尊言:「果德玛尊者,我亦是乞食者,你亦是乞食者。有何差别?」
‘‘Na tena bhikkhako hoti, yāvatā bhikkhate pare;
「非因从他乞食故是比库,
Vissaṃ dhammaṃ samādāya, bhikkhu hoti na tāvatā.
受持污秽之法者,不因此是比库。
‘‘Yodha puññañca pāpañca, bāhitvā brahmacariyaṃ;
「于此舍福与恶,行梵行者;
Saṅkhāya loke carati, sa ve bhikkhūti vuccatī’’ti.
以智慧行于世间,彼名为比库。」
Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhako brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
如是说已,乞食婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……从今起我终生皈依。」
11. Saṅgāravasuttaṃ11. 桑喀拉瓦经
§207
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena saṅgāravo nāma brāhmaṇo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati udakasuddhiko, udakena parisuddhiṃ pacceti, sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha, bhante, saṅgāravo nāma brāhmaṇo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati udakasuddhiko , udakena suddhiṃ pacceti, sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā yena saṅgāravassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
沙瓦提因缘。那时,名叫桑喀拉瓦的婆罗门住在沙瓦提,是水清净者,以水期待清净,晚上早晨持续从事下水的努力而住。那时,具寿阿难在上午时分穿衣持钵衣后进入沙瓦提行乞。在沙瓦提行乞后,吃后食从施食处返回,前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。坐在一旁的具寿阿难对世尊这样说——「尊者,这里有名叫桑喀拉瓦的婆罗门住在沙瓦提,是水清净者,以水期待清净,晚上早晨持续从事下水的努力而住。尊者,请世尊出于怜悯前往桑喀拉瓦婆罗门的住处。」世尊以沉默同意了。
Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena saṅgāravassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho saṅgāravaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, udakasuddhiko, udakena suddhiṃ paccesi, sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharasī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno udakasuddhiko, udakasuddhiṃ paccesi, sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharasī’’ti? ‘‘Idha me, bho gotama , yaṃ divā pāpakammaṃ kataṃ hoti, taṃ sāyaṃ nhānena pavāhemi, yaṃ rattiṃ pāpakammaṃ kataṃ hoti taṃ pātaṃ nhānena pavāhemi. Imaṃ khvāhaṃ, bho gotama, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno udakasuddhiko, udakena suddhiṃ paccemi, sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharāmī’’ti.
那时,世尊在上午时分穿衣,拿着钵与衣,前往散嘎喇瓦婆罗门的住处;抵达后,坐在已设置的座位上。那时,散嘎喇瓦婆罗门前往世尊之处;抵达后,与世尊互相问候。交换了友好、值得记忆的话语后,坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的散嘎喇瓦婆罗门如是说——「婆罗门,据说你是水净者,以水期望清净,从事于早晚下水的修习而住,真的吗?」「果德玛先生,是的。」「那么,婆罗门,你见到什么理由而作为水净者,以水期望清净,从事于早晚下水的修习而住呢?」「果德玛先生,这里,凡是我白天所造的恶业,我傍晚以沐浴洗去;凡是我夜晚所造的恶业,我早晨以沐浴洗去。果德玛先生,我见到这个理由,所以作为水净者,以水期望清净,从事于早晚下水的修习而住。」
‘‘Dhammo rahado brāhmaṇa sīlatittho,
「婆罗门,法是湖、戒是渡口;
Anāvilo sabbhi sataṃ pasattho;
无浊、善士所赞;
Yattha have vedaguno sinātā,
凡通达明者于此沐浴,
Anallagattāva taranti pāra’’nti.
身不湿而达彼岸。」
Evaṃ vutte, saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
如是说已,僧伽罗婆婆罗门对世尊言:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者……从今起我终生皈依。」
12. Khomadussasuttaṃ12. 麻布经
§208
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati khomadussaṃ nāmaṃ sakyānaṃ nigamo. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya khomadussaṃ nigamaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Tena kho pana samayena khomadussakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā sabhāyaṃ sannipatitā honti kenacideva karaṇīyena, devo ca ekamekaṃ phusāyati. Atha kho bhagavā yena sā sabhā tenupasaṅkami. Addasaṃsu khomadussakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ke ca muṇḍakā samaṇakā, ke ca sabhādhammaṃ jānissantī’’ti? Atha kho bhagavā khomadussake brāhmaṇagahapatike gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
如是我闻:一时,世尊住在释迦人中,名为绢帛城的释迦族城镇。那时,世尊在午前时分穿好衣,拿着钵和衣,进入绢帛城镇乞食。当时,绢帛城的婆罗门居士们因某件事聚集在会堂中,天人则逐一触动他们。那时,世尊前往那个会堂。绢帛城的婆罗门居士们看见世尊从远处走来。看见后,他们说道:「什么光头沙门,他们会知道会堂法吗?」那时,世尊以偈颂对绢帛城的婆罗门居士们说:
‘‘Nesā sabhā yattha na santi santo,
「无善士之处非集会,
Santo na te ye na vadanti dhammaṃ;
不说法者非善士;
Rāgañca dosañca pahāya mohaṃ,
舍贪、瞋与痴,
Dhammaṃ vadantā ca bhavanti santo’’ti.
说法者方名善士。」
Evaṃ vutte, khomadussakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama; seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti, evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Ete mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsake no bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupete saraṇaṃ gate’’ti.
如是说已,国玛杜萨咖的婆罗门居士们对世尊这样说:「果德玛尊者,太妙了!果德玛尊者,太妙了!果德玛尊者,就如将倒者扶正,将覆者揭开,为迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持来油灯——有眼者将看见诸色,如是,果德玛尊者以种种方便开示了法。我们归依果德玛尊者、归依法及归依比库僧团。请果德玛尊者忆持我们为近事男,从今日起终生归依。」
Upāsakavaggo dutiyo. · 近事男品第二
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂──
Kasi udayo devahito, aññataramahāsālaṃ;
「耕种、伍达雅、天护、某大婆罗门;
Mānathaddhaṃ paccanīkaṃ, navakammikakaṭṭhahāraṃ;
慢顽固、反论、新作工、樵夫;
Mātuposakaṃ bhikkhako, saṅgāravo ca khomadussena dvādasāti.
养母、乞食、僧伽罗婆、咖摩独沙——此十二也。」
Brāhmaṇasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ. · 婆罗门相应完