3. Kosalasaṃyuttaṃ · 3. 国萨拉相应

311 段 · CSCD 巴利原典

3. Kosalasaṃyuttaṃ3. 国萨拉相应

1. Paṭhamavaggo

1. 第一品

1. Daharasuttaṃ1. 年轻经

§112

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhavampi no gotamo anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti paṭijānātī’’ti? ‘‘Yañhi taṃ, mahārāja, sammā vadamāno vadeyya ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti, mameva taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya. Ahañhi, mahārāja, anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’’ti.

如是我闻：一时，世尊住在沙瓦提祇树给孤独园。那时国萨拉国王巴谢那帝前往世尊之处，到已与世尊互相问候。互相问候、寒暄交谈已毕，便坐于一旁。坐于一旁的国萨拉国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「尊者果德玛自称已觉悟无上正自觉吗？」「大王，若有正说者应说『已觉悟无上正自觉』，那正是说我。大王，我实已觉悟无上正自觉。」

‘‘Yepi te, bho gotama, samaṇabrāhmaṇā saṅghino gaṇino gaṇācariyā ñātā yasassino titthakarā sādhusammatā bahujanassa, seyyathidaṃ – pūraṇo kassapo, makkhali gosālo, nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto, sañcayo belaṭṭhaputto, pakudho kaccāyano, ajito kesakambalo; tepi mayā ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti paṭijānāthā’ti puṭṭhā samānā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti na paṭijānanti. Kiṃ pana bhavaṃ gotamo daharo ceva jātiyā navo ca pabbajjāyā’’ti?

「尊者果德玛，那些沙门婆罗门各有僧团、各有众、为众之师、有名望、有声誉、外道之宗师、为大众所公认——即富兰那咖沙巴、马卡离瞿舍罗、尼干陀那塔子、先惹夷贝罗提子、巴苦达咖旃延、阿基多翅舍钦婆罗；当我问他们『你们自称已觉悟无上正自觉吗？』时，他们也不自称已觉悟无上正自觉。然而尊者果德玛年轻、出家日浅，何以如此？」

‘‘Cattāro kho me, mahārāja, daharāti na uññātabbā, daharāti na paribhotabbā. Katame cattāro? Khattiyo kho, mahārāja, daharoti na uññātabbo, daharoti na paribhotabbo. Urago kho, mahārāja, daharoti na uññātabbo, daharoti na paribhotabbo. Aggi kho, mahārāja, daharoti na uññātabbo, daharoti na paribhotabbo. Bhikkhu, kho, mahārāja, daharoti na uññātabbo, daharoti na paribhotabbo. Ime kho, mahārāja, cattāro daharāti na uññātabbā, daharāti na paribhotabbā’’ti.

「大王，有四者虽年轻却不可轻视、不可藐视。哪四者？大王，刹帝利虽年轻不可轻视、不可藐视。大王，蛇虽年轻不可轻视、不可藐视。大王，火虽年轻不可轻视、不可藐视。大王，比库虽年轻不可轻视、不可藐视。大王，此四者虽年轻不可轻视、不可藐视。」

Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

世尊如是说。善逝如此说已，大师又说此：

‘‘Khattiyaṃ jātisampannaṃ, abhijātaṃ yasassinaṃ;

「出身高贵、名门望族、有声誉之刹帝利，

Daharoti nāvajāneyya, na naṃ paribhave naro.

勿以年轻而轻视之，人勿藐视之。

‘‘Ṭhānañhi so manujindo, rajjaṃ laddhāna khattiyo;

因为这位人中之主，刹帝利得王位时，

So kuddho rājadaṇḍena, tasmiṃ pakkamate bhusaṃ;

若起瞋怒，以王之刑罚，将严重制裁于彼；

Tasmā taṃ parivajjeyya, rakkhaṃ jīvitamattano.

故应回避之，为保护自身之命。

‘‘Gāme vā yadi vā raññe, yattha passe bhujaṅgamaṃ;

于村中或林中，凡见蛇之处，

Daharoti nāvajāneyya, na naṃ paribhave naro.

勿以年轻而轻视之，人勿藐视之。

‘‘Uccāvacehi vaṇṇehi, urago carati tejasī ;

具威光之蛇以种种色而行，

So āsajja ḍaṃse bālaṃ, naraṃ nāriñca ekadā;

彼遇则咬愚者，或男或女有时；

Tasmā taṃ parivajjeyya, rakkhaṃ jīvitamattano.

故应回避之，为保护自身之命。

‘‘Pahūtabhakkhaṃ jālinaṃ, pāvakaṃ kaṇhavattaniṃ;

多所吞食、有光焰、黑行迹之火，

Daharoti nāvajāneyya, na naṃ paribhave naro.

勿以年轻而轻视之，人勿藐视之。

‘‘Laddhā hi so upādānaṃ, mahā hutvāna pāvako;

若彼得到燃料，便成大火，

So āsajja ḍahe bālaṃ, naraṃ nāriñca ekadā;

彼遇则烧愚者，或男或女有时；

Tasmā taṃ parivajjeyya, rakkhaṃ jīvitamattano.

故应回避之，为保护自身之命。

‘‘Vanaṃ yadaggi ḍahati , pāvako kaṇhavattanī;

若火焚林——黑行迹之火，

Jāyanti tattha pārohā, ahorattānamaccaye.

于彼处经一昼夜，新芽又生。

‘‘Yañca kho sīlasampanno, bhikkhu ḍahati tejasā;

但若具戒之比库以威光烧之，

Na tassa puttā pasavo, dāyādā vindare dhanaṃ;

彼则无子无畜，继承人亦无财可得；

Anapaccā adāyādā, tālāvatthū bhavanti te.

彼等无嗣无继承，如截顶之多罗树。

‘‘Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano;

是故智者观察自身之利益，

Bhujaṅgamaṃ pāvakañca, khattiyañca yasassinaṃ;

对于蛇与火，及有声誉之刹帝利，

Bhikkhuñca sīlasampannaṃ, sammadeva samācare’’ti.

以及具戒之比库，应当正确地待之。」

Evaṃ vutte, rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya , paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya , andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ, bhante, bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.

如是说已，国萨拉国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「奇哉，尊者！稀有哉，尊者！尊者，犹如扶正颠倒者、揭开覆盖者、为迷路者指示道路、于黑暗中持油灯——『有眼者得见诸色』；如是世尊以种种方便开示法。尊者，我今归依世尊、法与比库僧。愿世尊接受我为近事男，从今日起乃至命终归依。」

2. Purisasuttaṃ2. 人经

§113

Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, bhante, purisassa dhammā ajjhattaṃ uppajjamānā uppajjanti ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāyā’’ti?

沙瓦提因缘。那时国萨拉国王巴谢那帝前往世尊之处，礼敬世尊后坐于一旁。坐于一旁的国萨拉国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「尊者，人于内生起几种法，生起时导致不利、苦、不安住？」

‘‘Tayo kho, mahārāja, purisassa dhammā ajjhattaṃ uppajjamānā uppajjanti ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya. Katame tayo? Lobho kho, mahārāja, purisassa dhammo ajjhattaṃ uppajjamāno uppajjati ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya. Doso kho, mahārāja, purisassa dhammo ajjhattaṃ uppajjamāno uppajjati ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya. Moho kho, mahārāja, purisassa dhammo ajjhattaṃ uppajjamāno uppajjati ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya . Ime kho, mahārāja, tayo purisassa dhammā ajjhattaṃ uppajjamānā uppajjanti ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāyā’’ti. Idamavoca…pe…

「大王,三种法在人的内在生起时,生起是为了无益、痛苦、不安乐住。哪三种?大王,贪是人的法,在内在生起时,生起是为了无益、痛苦、不安乐住。大王,嗔是人的法,在内在生起时,生起是为了无益、痛苦、不安乐住。大王,痴是人的法,在内在生起时,生起是为了无益、痛苦、不安乐住。大王,这三种法在人的内在生起时,生起是为了无益、痛苦、不安乐住。」世尊如是说。

‘‘Lobho doso ca moho ca, purisaṃ pāpacetasaṃ;

「贪、瞋、痴，于心怀恶意之人，

Hiṃsanti attasambhūtā, tacasāraṃva samphala’’nti .

自内所生害彼，如自身之果害竹芦。」

3. Jarāmaraṇasuttaṃ3. 老死经

§114

Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, bhante, jātassa aññatra jarāmaraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Natthi kho, mahārāja, jātassa aññatra jarāmaraṇā. Yepi te, mahārāja, khattiyamahāsālā aḍḍhā mahaddhanā mahābhogā pahūtajātarūparajatā pahūtavittūpakaraṇā pahūtadhanadhaññā, tesampi jātānaṃ natthi aññatra jarāmaraṇā. Yepi te, mahārāja, brāhmaṇamahāsālā…pe… gahapatimahāsālā aḍḍhā mahaddhanā mahābhogā pahūtajātarūparajatā pahūtavittūpakaraṇā pahūtadhanadhaññā, tesampi jātānaṃ natthi aññatra jarāmaraṇā. Yepi te, mahārāja, bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññāvimuttā, tesaṃ pāyaṃ kāyo bhedanadhammo nikkhepanadhammo’’ti. Idamavoca…pe…

沙瓦提因缘。坐于一旁的国萨拉国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「尊者，已生者可免于老死吗？」「大王，已生者无可免于老死。大王，那些刹帝利大豪富、富有、大财富、大资产、多金银、多财物设备、多财谷者，彼等已生亦不免于老死。大王，那些婆罗门大豪富……居士大豪富……彼等已生亦不免于老死。大王，那些漏尽、完成修行、所作已作、舍负担、达自利、灭有结、正智解脱之阿拉汉比库，其身亦是坏灭之法、败坏之法。」世尊如是说……

‘‘Jīranti ve rājarathā sucittā,

「王之美饰之车亦坏朽，

Atho sarīrampi jaraṃ upeti;

此身亦趋于老；

Satañca dhammo na jaraṃ upeti,

然而善士之法不趋于老，

Santo have sabbhi pavedayantī’’ti.

善士实告善士。」

4. Piyasuttaṃ4. 所爱经

§115

Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha mayhaṃ, bhante, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘kesaṃ nu kho piyo attā, kesaṃ appiyo attā’ti? Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, etadahosi – ‘ye ca kho keci kāyena duccaritaṃ caranti, vācāya duccaritaṃ caranti, manasā duccaritaṃ caranti; tesaṃ appiyo attā’. Kiñcāpi te evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘piyo no attā’ti, atha kho tesaṃ appiyo attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yañhi appiyo appiyassa kareyya, taṃ te attanāva attano karonti; tasmā tesaṃ appiyo attā. Ye ca kho keci kāyena sucaritaṃ caranti, vācāya sucaritaṃ caranti, manasā sucaritaṃ caranti; tesaṃ piyo attā. Kiñcāpi te evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘appiyo no attā’ti; atha kho tesaṃ piyo attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yañhi piyo piyassa kareyya, taṃ te attanāva attano karonti; tasmā tesaṃ piyo attā’’ti.

沙瓦提因缘。坐于一旁的国萨拉国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「尊者，我独自宴坐时生起如是思惟——『何等人自我可爱？何等人自我不可爱？』尊者，我如是想：『凡以身行恶行、以语行恶行、以意行恶行者，其自我不可爱。纵使他们说：『我的自我可爱』，然而其自我不可爱。何以故？因为不可爱者对不可爱者所作之事，他们自己对自己而作；是故其自我不可爱。凡以身行善行、以语行善行、以意行善行者，其自我可爱。纵使他们说：『我的自我不可爱』，然而其自我可爱。何以故？因为可爱者对可爱者所作之事，他们自己对自己而作；是故其自我可爱。』」

‘‘Evametaṃ, mahārāja, evametaṃ, mahārāja! Ye hi keci, mahārāja, kāyena duccaritaṃ caranti, vācāya duccaritaṃ caranti, manasā duccaritaṃ caranti; tesaṃ appiyo attā. Kiñcāpi te evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘piyo no attā’ti, atha kho tesaṃ appiyo attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yañhi, mahārāja, appiyo appiyassa kareyya, taṃ te attanāva attano karonti; tasmā tesaṃ appiyo attā. Ye ca kho keci, mahārāja , kāyena sucaritaṃ caranti, vācāya sucaritaṃ caranti, manasā sucaritaṃ caranti; tesaṃ piyo attā. Kiñcāpi te evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘appiyo no attā’ti; atha kho tesaṃ piyo attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yañhi mahārāja, piyo piyassa kareyya, taṃ te attanāva attano karonti; tasmā tesaṃ piyo attā’’ti. Idamavoca…pe…

「确实如此,大王!确实如此,大王!大王,凡任何以身行恶行者、以语行恶行者、以意行恶行者,自己对自己是不可爱的。即使他们这样说:『自己对我们是可爱的』,然而自己对他们是不可爱的。那是什么原因呢?大王,不可爱者会对不可爱者做的,他们自己正对自己做那些;因此,自己对他们是不可爱的。而凡任何以身行善行者、以语行善行者、以意行善行者,自己对他们是可爱的。即使他们这样说:『自己对我们是不可爱的』,然而自己对他们是可爱的。那是什么原因呢?大王,可爱者会对可爱者做的,他们自己正对自己做那些;因此,自己对他们是可爱的。」世尊说了这个之后,

‘‘Attānañce piyaṃ jaññā, na naṃ pāpena saṃyuje;

「若知自我为可爱，则不应与恶结合；

Na hi taṃ sulabhaṃ hoti, sukhaṃ dukkaṭakārinā.

因为作恶行者难得乐。

‘‘Antakenādhipannassa, jahato mānusaṃ bhavaṃ;

「为终结者所制，舍弃人之有时，

Kiñhi tassa sakaṃ hoti, kiñca ādāya gacchati;

何者为彼自己所有？何者随彼而去？

Kiñcassa anugaṃ hoti, chāyāva anapāyinī .

何者相随于彼，如影不离？

‘‘Ubho puññañca pāpañca, yaṃ macco kurute idha;

「福与恶二者，乃凡人此处所作，

Tañhi tassa sakaṃ hoti, tañca ādāya gacchati;

此实为彼所有，彼携之而去；

Tañcassa anugaṃ hoti, chāyāva anapāyinī.

此乃相随于彼，如影不离。

‘‘Tasmā kareyya kalyāṇaṃ, nicayaṃ samparāyikaṃ;

「是故应作善业，积累来世之资粮；

Puññāni paralokasmiṃ, patiṭṭhā honti pāṇina’’nti.

福为他世中，众生之依处。」

5. Attarakkhitasuttaṃ5. 自护经

§116

Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha mayhaṃ, bhante, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘kesaṃ nu kho rakkhito attā, kesaṃ arakkhito attā’ti? Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci kāyena duccaritaṃ caranti, vācāya duccaritaṃ caranti, manasā duccaritaṃ caranti; tesaṃ arakkhito attā. Kiñcāpi te hatthikāyo vā rakkheyya, assakāyo vā rakkheyya, rathakāyo vā rakkheyya, pattikāyo vā rakkheyya; atha kho tesaṃ arakkhito attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Bāhirā hesā rakkhā, nesā rakkhā ajjhattikā; tasmā tesaṃ arakkhito attā. Ye ca kho keci kāyena sucaritaṃ caranti, vācāya sucaritaṃ caranti, manasā sucaritaṃ caranti; tesaṃ rakkhito attā. Kiñcāpi te neva hatthikāyo rakkheyya, na assakāyo rakkheyya, na rathakāyo rakkheyya , na pattikāyo rakkheyya; atha kho tesaṃ rakkhito attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ajjhattikā hesā rakkhā, nesā rakkhā bāhirā; tasmā tesaṃ rakkhito attā’’’ti.

沙瓦提因缘。坐于一旁的国萨拉国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「尊者，我独自宴坐时生起如是思惟——『何等人守护自我？何等人不守护自我？』尊者，我如是想：『凡以身行恶行、以语行恶行、以意行恶行者，其自我不受守护。纵使象军守护彼，或马军守护彼，或车军守护彼，或步军守护彼，然而其自我不受守护。何以故？此守护乃外在，非内在之守护；是故其自我不受守护。凡以身行善行、以语行善行、以意行善行者，其自我受守护。纵使象军不守护彼，马军不守护彼，车军不守护彼，步军不守护彼，然而其自我受守护。何以故？此守护乃内在，非外在之守护；是故其自我受守护。』」

‘‘Evametaṃ, mahārāja, evametaṃ, mahārāja! Ye hi keci, mahārāja, kāyena duccaritaṃ caranti…pe… tesaṃ arakkhito attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Bāhirā hesā, mahārāja, rakkhā, nesā rakkhā ajjhattikā; tasmā tesaṃ arakkhito attā. Ye ca kho keci, mahārāja, kāyena sucaritaṃ caranti, vācāya sucaritaṃ caranti, manasā sucaritaṃ caranti; tesaṃ rakkhito attā. Kiñcāpi te neva hatthikāyo rakkheyya, na assakāyo rakkheyya, na rathakāyo rakkheyya, na pattikāyo rakkheyya; atha kho tesaṃ rakkhito attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ajjhattikā hesā, mahārāja, rakkhā, nesā rakkhā bāhirā; tasmā tesaṃ rakkhito attā’’ti. Idamavoca…pe…

「正是如此,大王!正是如此,大王!大王,凡任何以身行恶行、以语行恶行、以意行恶行者,他们的自己未被守护。这是什么原因呢?大王,这是外在的守护,这不是内在的守护;因此他们的自己未被守护。大王,而凡任何以身行善行、以语行善行、以意行善行者,他们的自己被守护。即使他们既不被象队守护,不被马队守护,不被车队守护,不被步队守护;然而他们的自己被守护。这是什么原因呢?大王,这是内在的守护,这不是外在的守护;因此他们的自己被守护。」这样说了。

‘‘Kāyena saṃvaro sādhu, sādhu vācāya saṃvaro;

「善哉身防护，善哉语防护；

Manasā saṃvaro sādhu, sādhu sabbattha saṃvaro;

善哉意防护，善哉一切防护；

Sabbattha saṃvuto lajjī, rakkhitoti pavuccatī’’ti.

一切防护、知惭愧者，称为已守护者。」

6. Appakasuttaṃ6. 少经

§117

Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha mayhaṃ, bhante, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘appakā te sattā lokasmiṃ ye uḷāre uḷāre bhoge labhitvā na ceva majjanti, na ca pamajjanti, na ca kāmesu gedhaṃ āpajjanti, na ca sattesu vippaṭipajjanti. Atha kho eteva bahutarā sattā lokasmiṃ ye uḷāre uḷāre bhoge labhitvā majjanti ceva pamajjanti , ca kāmesu ca gedhaṃ āpajjanti, sattesu ca vippaṭipajjantī’’’ti.

沙瓦提因缘。果萨拉国的巴谢那帝王在一旁坐下后,对世尊这样说——「尊者,我在这里独自退隐时,心中生起这样的寻思:『在世间中,那些获得殊胜殊胜财富后,既不陶醉,也不放逸,不对诸欲起贪着,不对诸有情起恶行的有情是少数。那些获得殊胜殊胜财富后,既陶醉,又放逸,又对诸欲起贪着,对诸有情起恶行的有情在世间中更多。』」

‘‘Evametaṃ, mahārāja, evametaṃ, mahārāja! Appakā te, mahārāja, sattā lokasmiṃ, ye uḷāre uḷāre bhoge labhitvā na ceva majjanti, na ca pamajjanti, na ca kāmesu gedhaṃ āpajjanti, na ca sattesu vippaṭipajjanti. Atha kho eteva bahutarā sattā lokasmiṃ, ye uḷāre uḷāre bhoge labhitvā majjanti ceva pamajjanti ca kāmesu ca gedhaṃ āpajjanti, sattesu ca vippaṭipajjantī’’ti. Idamavoca…pe…

「确实如此,大王!确实如此,大王!大王,世间那些获得殊胜财富后既不骄慢也不放逸,既不陷入对诸欲的贪婪,也不对众生行恶的众生是很少的。然而,大王,世间那些获得殊胜财富后既骄慢又放逸,既陷入对诸欲的贪婪,也对众生行恶的众生才是更多的。」这是所说……

‘‘Sārattā kāmabhogesu, giddhā kāmesu mucchitā;

「染着诸欲乐，贪欲所迷醉，

Atisāraṃ na bujjhanti, migā kūṭaṃva oḍḍitaṃ;

不觉过分之害，如鹿陷于所设之陷阱；

Pacchāsaṃ kaṭukaṃ hoti, vipāko hissa pāpako’’ti.

其后果苦涩，恶果报实降临。」

7. Aḍḍakaraṇasuttaṃ7. 半分经

§118

Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idhāhaṃ, bhante, aḍḍakaraṇe nisinno passāmi khattiyamahāsālepi brāhmaṇamahāsālepi gahapatimahāsālepi aḍḍhe mahaddhane mahābhoge pahūtajātarūparajate pahūtavittūpakaraṇe pahūtadhanadhaññe kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ sampajānamusā bhāsante. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, etadahosi – ‘alaṃ dāni me aḍḍakaraṇena, bhadramukho dāni aḍḍakaraṇena paññāyissatī’’’ti.

沙瓦提因缘。坐于一旁的拘萨罗国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「尊者，我坐于法庭时，看见刹帝利大豪富、婆罗门大豪富、居士大豪富——富有、大财富、大财产、多金银、多财物设备、多财谷者，因欲之故、以欲为缘、以欲为因而故意妄语。尊者，我如是想：『我已厌于法庭之事，现在让善巧者于法庭中显明吧。』」

‘‘(Evametaṃ, mahārāja, evametaṃ mahārāja!) Yepi te, mahārāja, khattiyamahāsālā brāhmaṇamahāsālā gahapatimahāsālā aḍḍhā mahaddhanā mahābhogā pahūtajātarūparajatā pahūtavittūpakaraṇā pahūtadhanadhaññā kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ sampajānamusā bhāsanti; tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā’’ti. Idamavoca…pe…

「确实如此,大王!确实如此,大王!大王,那些刹帝利大富者、婆罗门大富者、居士大富者,富有、大财、大资产,金银众多,财物用具众多,钱粮众多,以欲为因、以欲为缘、以欲为事而故意说妄语;对他们来说,那将长久导致不利与痛苦。」世尊说此。

‘‘Sārattā kāmabhogesu, giddhā kāmesu mucchitā;

「染着诸欲乐，贪欲所迷醉，

Atisāraṃ na bujjhanti, macchā khippaṃva oḍḍitaṃ;

不觉过分之害，如鱼陷于所设之网；

Pacchāsaṃ kaṭukaṃ hoti, vipāko hissa pāpako’’ti.

其后果苦涩，恶果报实降临。」

8. Mallikāsuttaṃ8. 玛丽嘉经

§119

Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo mallikāya deviyā saddhiṃ uparipāsādavaragato hoti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo mallikaṃ deviṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho te, mallike, kocañño attanā piyataro’’ti? ‘‘Natthi kho me, mahārāja, kocañño attanā piyataro. Tuyhaṃ pana, mahārāja, atthañño koci attanā piyataro’’ti? ‘‘Mayhampi kho, mallike, natthañño koci attanā piyataro’’ti.

沙瓦提因缘。那时憍萨罗国王巴谢那帝与玛丽嘉王后一同登上高楼。那时憍萨罗国王巴谢那帝对玛丽嘉王后说：「玛丽嘉，你有比自己更可爱的他人吗？」「大王，我无比自己更可爱的他人。大王，你呢？有比自己更可爱的他人吗？」「玛丽嘉，我亦无比自己更可爱的他人。」

Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo pāsādā orohitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idhāhaṃ, bhante, mallikāya deviyā saddhiṃ uparipāsādavaragato mallikaṃ deviṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘atthi nu kho te, mallike, kocañño attanā piyataro’ti? Evaṃ vutte, bhante, mallikā devī maṃ etadavoca – ‘natthi kho me, mahārāja, kocañño attanā piyataro. Tuyhaṃ pana, mahārāja, atthañño koci attanā piyataro’ti? Evaṃ vuttāhaṃ, bhante, mallikaṃ deviṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘mayhampi kho, mallike, natthañño koci attanā piyataro’’ti.

那时,果萨拉国王巴谢那帝从高楼下来,前往世尊之处,礼敬世尊后坐于一旁。坐于一旁的果萨拉国王巴谢那帝对世尊说:「尊者,我在此与玛丽嘉王后一同登上高楼,我对玛丽嘉王后说:『玛丽嘉,你有比自己更可爱的他人吗?』尊者,如是说时,玛丽嘉王后对我说:『大王,我无比自己更可爱的他人。大王,你呢?有比自己更可爱的他人吗?』尊者,如是说时,我对玛丽嘉王后说:『玛丽嘉,我亦无比自己更可爱的他人。』」

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –

那时世尊了知此义，即时说此偈：

‘‘Sabbā disā anuparigamma cetasā,

「以心遍历一切方，

Nevajjhagā piyataramattanā kvaci;

不见任何比自己更可爱者；

Evaṃ piyo puthu attā paresaṃ,

他人亦如是各爱自己，

Tasmā na hiṃse paramattakāmo’’ti.

故爱己者勿伤害他者。」

9. Yaññasuttaṃ9. 祭祀经

§120

Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena rañño pasenadissa kosalassa mahāyañño paccupaṭṭhito hoti, pañca ca usabhasatāni pañca ca vacchatarasatāni pañca ca vacchatarisatāni pañca ca ajasatāni pañca ca urabbhasatāni thūṇūpanītāni honti yaññatthāya. Yepissa te honti dāsāti vā pessāti vā kammakarāti vā, tepi daṇḍatajjitā bhayatajjitā assumukhā rudamānā parikammāni karonti.

沙瓦提因缘。那时萨拉国国王巴谢那帝预备大祭祀：五百头公牛、五百头小公牛、五百头小母牛、五百头山羊、五百头绵羊被带至祭柱准备献祭。凡彼之奴仆、雇工、劳工，彼等被棍棒所威胁、被恐惧所威胁,面带泪、哭泣地作诸准备工作。

Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pavisiṃsu. Sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha, bhante, rañño pasenadissa kosalassa mahāyañño paccupaṭṭhito hoti, pañca ca usabhasatāni pañca ca vacchatarasatāni pañca ca vacchatarisatāni pañca ca ajasatāni pañca ca urabbhasatāni thūṇūpanītāni honti yaññatthāya . Yepissa te honti dāsāti vā pessāti vā kammakarāti vā, tepi daṇḍatajjitā bhayatajjitā assumukhā rudamānā parikammāni karontī’’ti.

那时,众多比库在上午时分穿好衣,拿着钵和衣,进入沙瓦提托钵。在沙瓦提托钵行走后,从施食处返回,食毕,前往世尊所在之处。抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的那些比库对世尊如是说道:「尊者,这里,憍萨罗国的巴谢那帝王正在准备大祭祀,有五百头公牛、五百头小公牛、五百头小母牛、五百头山羊、五百头绵羊被带到柱子处,为了祭祀。那些是他的奴仆、差役或工人的人们,他们被杖威胁、被恐怖驱使,泪流满面、哭泣着进行准备工作。」

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo abhāsi –

那时世尊了知此义，即时说此等偈：

‘‘Assamedhaṃ purisamedhaṃ, sammāpāsaṃ vājapeyyaṃ niraggaḷhaṃ;

「马祭、人祭、掷棒祭、苏摩祭、无遮祭——

Mahāyaññā mahārambhā , na te honti mahapphalā.

大祭祀多残害，无大果报。

‘‘Ajeḷakā ca gāvo ca, vividhā yattha haññare;

于彼处羊、山羊、牛及种种被杀，

Na taṃ sammaggatā yaññaṃ, upayanti mahesino.

此非正行之祭，诸大仙不近。

‘‘Ye ca yaññā nirārambhā, yajanti anukulaṃ sadā;

凡无残害之祭祀，随顺家法常行，

Ajeḷakā ca gāvo ca, vividhā nettha haññare;

于彼处羊、山羊、牛及种种不被杀，

Etaṃ sammaggatā yaññaṃ, upayanti mahesino.

此乃正行之祭，诸大仙近之。

‘‘Etaṃ yajetha medhāvī, eso yañño mahapphalo;

智者应献此祭，此祭有大果报；

Etañhi yajamānassa, seyyo hoti na pāpiyo;

行此祭者得善不得恶，

Yañño ca vipulo hoti, pasīdanti ca devatā’’ti.

祭祀丰盛，诸天亦欢喜。」

10. Bandhanasuttaṃ10. 系缚经

§121

Tena kho pana samayena raññā pasenadinā kosalena mahājanakāyo bandhāpito hoti, appekacce rajjūhi appekacce andūhi appekacce saṅkhalikāhi.

那时，憍萨罗国王巴谢那帝使大众被捆缚，有些以绳索、有些以脚镣、有些以链条。

那时众多比库于上午着下衣、持衣钵入沙瓦提乞食。于沙瓦提乞食后，食毕、自行乞处返回，前往世尊之处；到已礼敬世尊后坐于一旁。坐于一旁的彼等比库对世尊说：「尊者，在此国萨拉国王巴谢那帝将大众捆缚，有些以绳索、有些以脚镣、有些以链条。」

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo abhāsi –

那时世尊了知此义，即时说此等偈：

‘‘Na taṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā,

「智者说此非坚缚——

Yadāyasaṃ dārujaṃ pabbajañca;

铁所造、木所造、或草所造者；

Sārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu,

然染着宝石耳饰，

Puttesu dāresu ca yā apekkhā.

以及对妻子之顾盼。

‘‘Etaṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā,

「智者说此乃坚缚——

Ohārinaṃ sithilaṃ duppamuñcaṃ;

牵引、松缓、难解脱；

Etampi chetvāna paribbajanti,

断此者亦出家而去，

Anapekkhino kāmasukhaṃ pahāyā’’ti.

无所顾，舍欲乐而行。」

Paṭhamo vaggo. · 第一品

Tassuddānaṃ –

摄颂曰：

Daharo puriso jarā, piyaṃ attānarakkhito;

「年少、人、老、所爱、自守护、

Appakā aḍḍakaraṇaṃ, mallikā yaññabandhananti.

少、法庭、茉莉、祭祀、捆缚。」

2. Dutiyavaggo

2. 第二品

1. Sattajaṭilasuttaṃ1. 七结发者经

§122

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito bahidvārakoṭṭhake nisinno hoti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

一时,世尊住在沙瓦提,在东园鹿母殿。那时,世尊在傍晚时从独坐中出来,坐在门外的门廊。那时,国萨拉国的巴谢那帝王前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,向世尊礼敬后,在一旁坐下。

Tena kho pana samayena satta ca jaṭilā satta ca nigaṇṭhā satta ca acelakā satta ca ekasāṭakā satta ca paribbājakā parūḷhakacchanakhalomā khārivividhamādāya bhagavato avidūre atikkamanti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ pathaviyaṃ nihantvā yena te satta ca jaṭilā satta ca nigaṇṭhā satta ca acelakā satta ca ekasāṭakā satta ca paribbājakā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā tikkhattuṃ nāmaṃ sāvesi – ‘‘rājāhaṃ, bhante, pasenadi kosalo…pe… rājāhaṃ, bhante, pasenadi kosalo’’ti.

那时七位结发外道、七位尼干陀、七位裸形外道、七位一衣外道、七位游方者，腋毛、指甲、身毛皆长，携带种种物具，从世尊不远处经过。那时国萨拉国王巴谢那帝从座而起，整理上衣于一肩，以右膝着地，向彼七位结发外道、七位尼干陀、七位裸形外道、七位一衣外道、七位游方者合掌，三次自称其名：「诸尊者，我是国萨拉国王巴谢那帝……诸尊者，我是国萨拉国王巴谢那帝。」

Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo acirapakkantesu tesu sattasu ca jaṭilesu sattasu ca nigaṇṭhesu sattasu ca acelakesu sattasu ca ekasāṭakesu sattasu ca paribbājakesu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ye te, bhante, loke arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā ete tesaṃ aññatarā’’ti.

那时，萨拉国国王巴谢那帝于彼七位结发外道、七位尼干陀、七位裸形外道、七位一衣外道、七位游方者离去不久，便前往世尊之处，礼敬世尊后坐于一旁。坐于一旁的萨拉国国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「尊者，此世间若有阿拉汉或已入阿拉汉道者，此等外道是其中之一吗？」

‘‘Dujjānaṃ kho etaṃ, mahārāja, tayā gihinā kāmabhoginā puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvasantena kāsikacandanaṃ paccanubhontena mālāgandhavilepanaṃ dhārayantena jātarūparajataṃ sādiyantena – ‘ime vā arahanto, ime vā arahattamaggaṃ samāpannā’’’ti.

「大王，你身为在家享欲者、住于为子女所拥挤之卧床、享用迦尸栴檀、佩戴花鬘涂香、享受金银者，实难了知『此等是阿拉汉、此等是已入阿拉汉道者』。

‘‘Saṃvāsena kho, mahārāja, sīlaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tañca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṃ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññena. Saṃvohārena kho, mahārāja, soceyyaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tañca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṃ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññena. Āpadāsu kho, mahārāja, thāmo veditabbo. So ca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṃ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññena. Sākacchāya , kho, mahārāja, paññā veditabbā. Sā ca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṃ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññenā’’ti.

大王，戒应以共住而知。然此须经长时，非短时；须以作意者，非不作意者；须以有慧者，非以无慧者。大王，清净应以交涉而知。然此须经长时，非短时；须以作意者，非不作意者；须以有慧者，非以无慧者。大王，力应以遇难而知。然此须经长时，非短时；须以作意者，非不作意者；须以有慧者，非以无慧者。大王，慧应以谈论而知。然此须经长时，非短时；须以作意者，非不作意者；须以有慧者，非以无慧者。」

‘‘Acchariyaṃ , bhante, abbhutaṃ bhante! Yāva subhāsitamidaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā – ‘dujjānaṃ kho etaṃ, mahārāja, tayā gihinā kāmabhoginā puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvasantena kāsikacandanaṃ paccanubhontena mālāgandhavilepanaṃ dhārayantena jātarūparajataṃ sādiyantena – ime vā arahanto, ime vā arahattamaggaṃ samāpannā’ti. Saṃvāsena kho, mahārāja, sīlaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tañca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṃ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññena. Saṃvohārena kho mahārāja , soceyyaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tañca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṃ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññena. Āpadāsu kho, mahārāja, thāmo veditabbo. So ca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṃ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññena. Sākacchāya kho, mahārāja, paññā veditabbā. Sā ca kho dīghena addhunā, na ittaraṃ; manasikarotā, no amanasikarotā; paññavatā, no duppaññenā’’ti.

「大德,未曾有!大德,不可思议!大德,这被尊者善说——『大王,这对你在家者、受用诸欲者、住于被儿子拥挤的卧处、享用迦尸国檀香、持用花鬘香膏涂料、领受金银者来说确实难以了知——这些是阿拉汉,或这些是已证得阿拉汉道者。』大王,通过共住,戒应该被了知。并且确实是长时间,而不是短时间;对作意者,而不是对不作意者;对有慧者,而不是对劣慧者。大王,通过交谈,清净应该被了知。并且确实是长时间,而不是短时间;对作意者,而不是对不作意者;对有慧者,而不是对劣慧者。大王,在灾难中,坚定应该被了知。并且确实是长时间,而不是短时间;对作意者,而不是对不作意者;对有慧者,而不是对劣慧者。大王,通过论议,慧应该被了知。并且确实是长时间,而不是短时间;对作意者,而不是对不作意者;对有慧者,而不是对劣慧者。」

‘‘Ete, bhante, mama purisā carā ocarakā janapadaṃ ocaritvā āgacchanti. Tehi paṭhamaṃ ociṇṇaṃ ahaṃ pacchā osāpayissāmi . Idāni te, bhante, taṃ rajojallaṃ pavāhetvā sunhātā suvilittā kappitakesamassū odātavatthā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricāressantī’’ti.

尊者，此等是我派出的密探、侦察者，于国中侦察后归来。彼等先侦察，我则随后作决断。尊者，如今彼等洗去尘垢，沐浴涂香，修发理须，着白衣，具足五欲之乐而嬉戏。」

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo abhāsi –

那时世尊了知此义，即时说此等偈：

‘‘Na vaṇṇarūpena naro sujāno,

「不可以容貌识人，

Na vissase ittaradassanena;

亦勿以短暂一见而信任；

Susaññatānañhi viyañjanena,

不自制者以自制者之形貌，

Asaññatā lokamimaṃ caranti.

行于此世间。

‘‘Patirūpako mattikākuṇḍalova,

「如伪造之泥耳饰，

Lohaḍḍhamāsova suvaṇṇachanno;

如镀金之铜半钱币；

Caranti loke parivārachannā,

行于世间以外饰覆蔽，

Anto asuddhā bahi sobhamānā’’ti.

「内里不净，外表美丽。」

2. Pañcarājasuttaṃ2. 五王经

§123

Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Tena kho pana samayena pañcannaṃ rājūnaṃ pasenadipamukhānaṃ pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitānaṃ samaṅgībhūtānaṃ paricārayamānānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kāmānaṃ agga’’nti? Tatrekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘rūpā kāmānaṃ agga’’nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘saddā kāmānaṃ agga’’nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘gandhā kāmānaṃ agga’’nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘rasā kāmānaṃ agga’’nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘phoṭṭhabbā kāmānaṃ agga’’nti. Yato kho te rājāno nāsakkhiṃsu aññamaññaṃ saññāpetuṃ.

沙瓦提因缘。那时以巴谢那帝为首之五位国王，具足五欲之乐嬉戏时，彼等之间生起此话：「何者为诸欲之上？」其中有些说：「色为诸欲之上。」有些说：「声为诸欲之上。」有些说：「香为诸欲之上。」有些说：「味为诸欲之上。」有些说：「触为诸欲之上。」彼等诸王不能互相说服。

Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo te rājāno etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, mārisā, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipucchissāma. Yathā no bhagavā byākarissati tathā naṃ dhāressāmā’’ti . ‘‘Evaṃ, mārisā’’ti kho te rājāno rañño pasenadissa kosalassa paccassosuṃ.

那时高沙喇国王巴谢那帝对彼等诸王说：「诸君，来吧，让我们前往世尊之处；到已向世尊请问此义。世尊如何为我们解答，我们便如何受持。」「好的，尊君。」彼等诸王应诺高沙喇国王巴谢那帝。

Atha kho te pañca rājāno pasenadipamukhā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha, bhante, amhākaṃ pañcannaṃ rājūnaṃ pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitānaṃ samaṅgībhūtānaṃ paricārayamānānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘kiṃ nu kho kāmānaṃ agga’nti? Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘rūpā kāmānaṃ agga’nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘saddā kāmānaṃ agga’nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘gandhā kāmānaṃ agga’nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘rasā kāmānaṃ agga’nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘phoṭṭhabbā kāmānaṃ agga’nti. Kiṃ nu kho, bhante, kāmānaṃ agga’’nti?

那时,那五位国王以巴谢那帝为首,前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的国萨拉国王巴谢那帝对世尊这样说道——「尊者,在此,我们五位国王备足五种欲德、具备五种欲德、享受五种欲德时,生起了这样的中间谈话——『究竟什么是诸欲之最上?』一些人这样说——『色是诸欲之最上。』一些人这样说——『声是诸欲之最上。』一些人这样说——『香是诸欲之最上。』一些人这样说——『味是诸欲之最上。』一些人这样说——『触是诸欲之最上。』尊者,究竟什么是诸欲之最上?」

‘‘Manāpapariyantaṃ khvāhaṃ, mahārāja, pañcasu kāmaguṇesu agganti vadāmi. Teva , mahārāja, rūpā ekaccassa manāpā honti, teva rūpā ekaccassa amanāpā honti. Yehi ca yo rūpehi attamano hoti paripuṇṇasaṅkappo, so tehi rūpehi aññaṃ rūpaṃ uttaritaraṃ vā paṇītataraṃ vā na pattheti. Te tassa rūpā paramā honti. Te tassa rūpā anuttarā honti.

「大王，我说于五欲之中以合意者为上。大王，彼等色于一人合意、彼等色于另一人不合意。凡以何等色而心意满足、其意愿圆满者，他对那些色不再希求其他更高或更胜之色。那些色对彼为最上、那些色对彼为无上。

‘‘Teva , mahārāja, saddā ekaccassa manāpā honti, teva saddā ekaccassa amanāpā honti. Yehi ca yo saddehi attamano hoti paripuṇṇasaṅkappo, so tehi saddehi aññaṃ saddaṃ uttaritaraṃ vā paṇītataraṃ vā na pattheti. Te tassa saddā paramā honti. Te tassa saddā anuttarā honti.

大王，彼等声于一人合意、彼等声于另一人不合意。凡以何等声而心意满足、其意愿圆满者，他对那些声不再希求其他更高或更胜之声。那些声对彼为最上、那些声对彼为无上。

‘‘Teva, mahārāja, gandhā ekaccassa manāpā honti, teva gandhā ekaccassa amanāpā honti. Yehi ca yo gandhehi attamano hoti paripuṇṇasaṅkappo, so tehi gandhehi aññaṃ gandhaṃ uttaritaraṃ vā paṇītataraṃ vā na pattheti. Te tassa gandhā paramā honti. Te tassa gandhā anuttarā honti.

「大王,同样那些香对某些人是喜欢的,同样那些香对某些人是不喜欢的。当任何人对任何香满意、圆满意愿时,他对那些香不期望其他更胜或更妙的香。那些香对他是最高的。那些香对他是无上的。

‘‘Teva, mahārāja, rasā ekaccassa manāpā honti, teva rasā ekaccassa amanāpā honti. Yehi ca yo rasehi attamano hoti paripuṇṇasaṅkappo, so tehi rasehi aññaṃ rasaṃ uttaritaraṃ vā paṇītataraṃ vā na pattheti. Te tassa rasā paramā honti. Te tassa rasā anuttarā honti.

「大王,那些味道对某人是喜爱的,同样那些味道对某人是不喜爱的。而凡以哪些味道感到满足、达成心愿者,他就不期望那些味道以外的其他更胜或更妙的味道。那些味道对他是最上的。那些味道对他是无上的。「大王,那些味道对某人是喜爱的,同样那些味道对某人是不喜爱的。而凡以哪些味道感到满足、达成心愿者,他就不期望那些味道以外的其他更胜或更妙的味道。那些味道对他是最上的。那些味道对他是无上的。

‘‘Teva, mahārāja, phoṭṭhabbā ekaccassa manāpā honti, teva phoṭṭhabbā ekaccassa amanāpā honti. Yehi ca yo phoṭṭhabbehi attamano hoti paripuṇṇasaṅkappo, so tehi phoṭṭhabbehi aññaṃ phoṭṭhabbaṃ uttaritaraṃ vā paṇītataraṃ vā na pattheti. Te tassa phoṭṭhabbā paramā honti. Te tassa phoṭṭhabbā anuttarā hontī’’ti.

「大王,正是那些所触,对某些人是可爱的,正是那些所触,对某些人是不可爱的。凡以哪些所触而心满意足、圆满意愿,他以那些所触而不希求其他更上、更胜妙的所触。那些所触对他是最上的。那些所触对他是无上的。」

Tena kho pana samayena candanaṅgaliko upāsako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho candanaṅgaliko upāsako uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭibhāti maṃ bhagavā, paṭibhāti maṃ sugatā’’ti. ‘‘Paṭibhātu taṃ candanaṅgalikā’’ti bhagavā avoca.

那时栴檀迦利近事男坐于彼会众中。那时栴檀迦利近事男从座而起，整理上衣于一肩，向世尊合掌，对世尊说：「世尊，我心中有所思；善逝，我心中有所思。」世尊说：「栴檀迦利，你就说吧。」

Atha kho candanaṅgaliko upāsako bhagavato sammukhā tadanurūpāya gāthāya abhitthavi –

那时栴檀迦利近事男于世尊面前以相应之偈称赞：

‘‘Padumaṃ yathā kokanadaṃ sugandhaṃ,

「如莲华香洁之红莲，

Pāto siyā phullamavītagandhaṃ;

晨间盛开香气不散；

Aṅgīrasaṃ passa virocamānaṃ,

见辉耀之光明者，

Tapantamādiccamivantalikkhe’’ti.

如日照耀于虚空。」

Atha kho te pañca rājāno candanaṅgalikaṃ upāsakaṃ pañcahi uttarāsaṅgehi acchādesuṃ. Atha kho candanaṅgaliko upāsako tehi pañcahi uttarāsaṅgehi bhagavantaṃ acchādesīti.

那时彼等五位国王以五件上衣覆盖栴檀迦利近事男。那时栴檀迦利近事男以彼等五件上衣覆盖世尊。

3. Doṇapākasuttaṃ3. 斗量经

§124

Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo doṇapākakuraṃ bhuñjati. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhuttāvī mahassāsī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

沙瓦提因缘。那时国萨拉国王巴谢那帝食一桶饭。那时国萨拉国王巴谢那帝饱食、气喘吁吁地前往世尊之处，礼敬世尊后坐于一旁。

Atha kho bhagavā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ bhuttāviṃ mahassāsiṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –

那时世尊知国萨拉国王巴谢那帝饱食气喘，即时说此偈：

‘‘Manujassa sadā satīmato,

「人常具念，

Mattaṃ jānato laddhabhojane;

饮食知量；

Tanukassa bhavanti vedanā,

则受少，

Saṇikaṃ jīrati āyupālaya’’nti.

徐徐老，善护寿。」

Tena kho pana samayena sudassano māṇavo rañño pasenadissa kosalassa piṭṭhito ṭhito hoti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo sudassanaṃ māṇavaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, tāta sudassana, bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā mama bhattābhihāre (bhattābhihāre) bhāsa. Ahañca te devasikaṃ kahāpaṇasataṃ (kahāpaṇasataṃ) niccaṃ bhikkhaṃ pavattayissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ devā’’ti kho sudassano māṇavo rañño pasenadissa kosalassa paṭissutvā bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā rañño pasenadissa kosalassa bhattābhihāre sudaṃ bhāsati –

尔时,苏达沙那学童正站在憍萨罗国巴谢那帝王的后面。于是,憍萨罗国巴谢那帝王对苏达沙那学童说:「来吧,亲爱的苏达沙那,你在世尊面前学习这个偈颂后,在我进餐时对我念诵。我将每天持续给你一百咖哈巴纳作为供养。」憍萨罗国巴谢那帝王如此说后,苏达沙那学童回答憍萨罗国巴谢那帝王:「是的,陛下。」于是,苏达沙那学童在世尊面前学习了这个偈颂后,确实在憍萨罗国巴谢那帝王进餐时对他念诵:

‘‘Manujassa sadā satīmato,

「人常具念，

Mattaṃ jānato laddhabhojane;

饮食知量；

Tanukassa bhavanti vedanā,

则受少，

Saṇikaṃ jīrati āyupālaya’’nti.

徐徐老，善护寿。」

Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo anupubbena nāḷikodanaparamatāya saṇṭhāsi. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo aparena samayena susallikhitagatto pāṇinā gattāni anumajjanto tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘ubhayena vata maṃ so bhagavā atthena anukampi – diṭṭhadhammikena ceva atthena samparāyikena cā’’ti.

那时国萨拉国王巴谢那帝渐次减至一升饭之量。那时国萨拉国王巴谢那帝其后身体轻盈，以手抚摸肢体，即时发此感叹：「世尊实对我以两种利益饶益——现世之利与来世之利。」

4. Paṭhamasaṅgāmasuttaṃ4. 战争第一经

§125

Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ abbhuyyāsi yena kāsi. Assosi kho rājā pasenadi kosalo – ‘‘rājā kira māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā mamaṃ abbhuyyāto yena kāsī’’ti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ ajātasattuṃ vedehiputtaṃ paccuyyāsi yena kāsi. Atha kho rājā ca māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto rājā ca pasenadi kosalo saṅgāmesuṃ. Tasmiṃ kho pana saṅgāme rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ parājesi. Parājito ca rājā pasenadi kosalo sakameva rājadhāniṃ sāvatthiṃ paccuyyāsi .

沙瓦提因缘。那时马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨召集四军，进攻国萨拉国王巴谢那帝至迦尸国。国萨拉国王巴谢那帝听闻：「据说马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨召集四军，前来进攻我至迦尸国。」那时国萨拉国王巴谢那帝亦召集四军，迎战马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨至迦尸国。那时马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨与国萨拉国王巴谢那帝交战。于彼战役中，马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨击败国萨拉国王巴谢那帝。战败的国萨拉国王巴谢那帝退回自己的都城沙瓦提。

时,众多比库于午前时分穿好衣、持钵与衣,进入沙瓦提行乞食。在沙瓦提行乞食后,食后从行乞食返回,他们前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的那些比库对世尊这样说——

「尊者,马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子集结四军,向迦尸进军,攻打憍萨罗王波斯匿。尊者,憍萨罗王波斯匿听闻:『据说马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子集结四军,向迦尸进军,攻打我。』尊者,于是憍萨罗王波斯匿集结四军,向迦尸进军,迎击马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子。尊者,于是马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子和憍萨罗王波斯匿交战。尊者,在那场战斗中,马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子击败了憍萨罗王波斯匿。

‘‘Rājā, bhikkhave, māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko; rājā ca kho, bhikkhave, pasenadi kosalo kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ajjeva , bhikkhave , rājā pasenadi kosalo imaṃ rattiṃ dukkhaṃ seti parājito’’ti. Idamavoca…pe…

「诸比库，马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨有恶友、恶伴、恶同志；诸比库，而国萨拉国王巴谢那帝有善友、善伴、善同志。诸比库，今夜战败之国萨拉国王巴谢那帝苦眠。」世尊如是说……

‘‘Jayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, dukkhaṃ seti parājito;

「胜利生怨敌，战败者苦眠；

Upasanto sukhaṃ seti, hitvā jayaparājaya’’nti.

舍胜负，寂静者乐眠。」

5. Dutiyasaṅgāmasuttaṃ5. 战争第二经

§126

Atha kho rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ abbhuyyāsi yena kāsi. Assosi kho rājā pasenadi kosalo – ‘‘rājā kira māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā mamaṃ abbhuyyāto yena kāsī’’ti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ ajātasattuṃ vedehiputtaṃ paccuyyāsi yena kāsi. Atha kho rājā ca māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto rājā ca pasenadi kosalo saṅgāmesuṃ. Tasmiṃ kho pana saṅgāme rājā pasenadi kosalo rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ ajātasattuṃ vedehiputtaṃ parājesi, jīvaggāhañca naṃ aggahesi. Atha kho rañño pasenadissa kosalassa etadahosi – ‘‘kiñcāpi kho myāyaṃ rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto adubbhantassa dubbhati, atha ca pana me bhāgineyyo hoti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ rañño māgadhassa ajātasattuno vedehiputtassa sabbaṃ hatthikāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṃ assakāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṃ rathakāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṃ pattikāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā jīvantameva naṃ osajjeyya’’nti .

那时马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨召集四军，进攻国萨拉国王巴谢那帝至迦尸国。国萨拉国王巴谢那帝听闻：「据说马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨召集四军，前来进攻我至迦尸国。」那时国萨拉国王巴谢那帝亦召集四军，迎战马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨至迦尸国。那时马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨与国萨拉国王巴谢那帝交战。于彼战役中，国萨拉国王巴谢那帝击败马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨，并活捉彼。那时国萨拉国王巴谢那帝如是思：「虽然此马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨对我这无害者行害，然而彼是我之外甥。我何不夺取马嘎达国王韦提希子未生怨之全部象军、全部马军、全部车军、全部步军，而释放其性命？」

Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo rañño māgadhassa ajātasattuno vedehiputtassa sabbaṃ hatthikāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṃ assakāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṃ rathakāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṃ pattikāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā jīvantameva naṃ osajji .

那时,憍萨罗的波斯匿王夺取了摩揭陀王韦提希子未生怨的全部象军、全部马军、全部车军、全部步兵军后,释放了活着的他。

那时,众多比库于午前时分穿好下衣,拿着钵和袈裟进入沙瓦提乞食。在沙瓦提乞食后,食后从行乞处返回,前往世尊那里;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的那些比库对世尊这么说——

‘‘Idha , bhante, rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ abbhuyyāsi yena kāsi. Assosi kho, bhante, rājā pasenadi kosalo – ‘rājā kira māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā mamaṃ abbhuyyāto yena kāsī’ti. Atha kho, bhante, rājā pasenadi kosalo caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ ajātasattuṃ vedehiputtaṃ paccuyyāsi yena kāsi. Atha kho, bhante, rājā ca māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto rājā ca pasenadi kosalo saṅgāmesuṃ. Tasmiṃ kho pana, bhante, saṅgāme rājā pasenadi kosalo rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ ajātasattuṃ vedehiputtaṃ parājesi, jīvaggāhañca naṃ aggahesi. Atha kho, bhante, rañño pasenadissa kosalassa etadahosi – ‘kiñcāpi kho myāyaṃ rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto adubbhantassa dubbhati, atha ca pana me bhāgineyyo hoti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ rañño māgadhassa ajātasattuno vedehiputtassa sabbaṃ hatthikāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṃ assakāyaṃ sabbaṃ rathakāyaṃ sabbaṃ pattikāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā jīvantameva naṃ osajjeyya’’’nti.

「尊者,马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子部署四支军队,向迦尸进攻憍萨罗王巴谢那帝。尊者,憍萨罗王巴谢那帝听闻:『马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子据说部署四支军队,向迦尸进攻我』。于是,尊者,憍萨罗王巴谢那帝部署四支军队,向迦尸迎击马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子。于是,尊者,马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子和憍萨罗王巴谢那帝交战了。尊者,在那场战斗中,憍萨罗王巴谢那帝击败了马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子,活捉了他。于是,尊者,憍萨罗王巴谢那帝这么想:『虽然这位马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子对无加害者加害,但他毕竟是我的外甥。我不如夺走马嘎达国王未生怨韦提希子的全部象军,夺走全部马军,夺走全部车军,夺走全部步军后,让他活着离开』」

‘‘Atha kho, bhante, rājā pasenadi kosalo rañño māgadhassa ajātasattuno vedehiputtassa sabbaṃ hatthikāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṃ assakāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṃ rathakāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā sabbaṃ pattikāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā jīvantameva naṃ osajjī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo abhāsi –

「尊者，然而高萨喇国王巴谢那帝夺取马嘎达国王未生怨韦迭希子的全部象军，夺取全部马军，夺取全部车军，夺取全部步兵军，释放了他。」于是世尊知道这个情况，在那时说了这些偈颂——

‘‘Vilumpateva puriso, yāvassa upakappati;

「人若有益便掠夺，

Yadā caññe vilumpanti, so vilutto viluppati .

当他人掠夺时，被掠夺者亦被掠夺。

‘‘Ṭhānañhi maññati bālo, yāva pāpaṃ na paccati;

「愚者以为是时机，乃至恶未成熟；

Yadā ca paccati pāpaṃ, atha dukkhaṃ nigacchati.

然当恶成熟时，愚者陷入苦。

‘‘Hantā labhati hantāraṃ, jetāraṃ labhate jayaṃ;

「杀者得杀者，胜者得胜者；

Akkosako ca akkosaṃ, rosetārañca rosako;

骂者得骂、怒者得怒；

Atha kammavivaṭṭena, so vilutto viluppatī’’ti.

如是由业之轮转，被掠夺者又被掠夺。」

6. Mallikāsuttaṃ6. 玛丽咖经

§127

Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Atha kho aññataro puriso yena rājā pasenadi kosalo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rañño pasenadissa kosalassa upakaṇṇake ārocesi – ‘‘mallikā, deva, devī dhītaraṃ vijātā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, rājā pasenadi kosalo anattamano ahosi.

沙瓦提因缘。那时，憍萨罗国巴谢那帝王前往世尊之处，礼敬世尊后坐于一旁。那时，某男子前往憍萨罗国巴谢那帝王之处；到已，于憍萨罗国巴谢那帝王之耳边报告：「陛下，玛丽嘉王后生了一女儿。」如是说时，憍萨罗国巴谢那帝王不悦。

Atha kho bhagavā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ anattamanataṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo abhāsi –

那时世尊知国萨拉国王巴谢那帝不悦，即时说此等偈：

‘‘Itthīpi hi ekacciyā, seyyā posa janādhipa;

「人主，女人亦有胜于男者——

Medhāvinī sīlavatī, sassudevā patibbatā.

有智、具戒、敬婆婆、忠于夫。

‘‘Tassā yo jāyati poso, sūro hoti disampati;

「彼所生之男儿，成为人主中之英雄；

Tādisā subhagiyā putto, rajjampi anusāsatī’’ti.

如是有福者之子，能治王国。」

7. Appamādasuttaṃ7. 不放逸经

§128

Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, bhante, eko dhammo yo ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ samparāyikañcā’’ti?

沙瓦提因缘。（坐于一旁。）坐于一旁的憍萨罗国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「尊者，有一法能同时得此二种利益——现世利益与来世利益吗？」

‘‘Atthi kho, mahārāja, eko dhammo yo ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ samparāyikañcā’’ti.

「大王，有一法能同时得此二种利益——现世利益与来世利益。」

‘‘Katamo pana, bhante, eko dhammo, yo ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ samparāyikañcā’’ti?

「尊者，是何一法能同时得此二种利益——现世利益与来世利益？」

‘‘Appamādo kho, mahārāja, eko dhammo, yo ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ samparāyikañcāti. Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, yāni kānici jaṅgalānaṃ pāṇānaṃ padajātāni, sabbāni tāni hatthipade samodhānaṃ gacchanti, hatthipadaṃ tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati – yadidaṃ mahantattena; evameva kho, mahārāja, appamādo eko dhammo, yo ubho atthe samadhiggayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ samparāyikañcā’’ti. Idamavoca…pe…

「大王，不放逸是一法，能同时得此二种利益——现世利益与来世利益。大王，犹如凡诸陆行生物之足迹，一切皆可容入象足迹中，象足迹被称为其中之第一——即以其大之故；如是，大王，不放逸是一法，能同时得此二种利益——现世利益与来世利益。」世尊如是说……

‘‘Āyuṃ arogiyaṃ vaṇṇaṃ, saggaṃ uccākulīnataṃ;

「寿命、无病、色美、

Ratiyo patthayantena, uḷārā aparāparā.

生天、高贵出身、

‘‘Appamādaṃ pasaṃsanti, puññakiriyāsu paṇḍitā;

种种无上之乐，求之者——

Appamatto ubho atthe, adhiggaṇhāti paṇḍito.

智者于诸福业中称赞不放逸。

‘‘Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho samparāyiko;

「不放逸之智者，

Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccatī’’ti.

二利皆得：现世之利与来世之利；

8. Kalyāṇamittasuttaṃ8. 善友经

§129

Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha mayhaṃ , bhante, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo, so ca kho kalyāṇamittassa kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa, no pāpamittassa no pāpasahāyassa no pāpasampavaṅkassā’’’ti.

沙瓦提因缘。坐于一旁的高萨喇国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「尊者，我独自宴坐时生起如是思惟——『世尊善说之法，乃为有善友、善伴、善同志者，非为有恶友、恶伴、恶同志者。』」

‘‘Evametaṃ, mahārāja, evametaṃ, mahārāja! Svākkhāto , mahārāja, mayā dhammo. So ca kho kalyāṇamittassa kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa, no pāpamittassa no pāpasahāyassa no pāpasampavaṅkassāti.

「如是，大王，如是！大王，我善说之法乃为有善友、善伴、善同志者，非为有恶友、恶伴、恶同志者。

‘‘Ekamidāhaṃ, mahārāja, samayaṃ sakkesu viharāmi nagarakaṃ nāma sakyānaṃ nigamo. Atha kho, mahārāja, ānando bhikkhu yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho, mahārāja, ānando bhikkhu maṃ etadavoca – ‘upaḍḍhamidaṃ, bhante, brahmacariyassa – yadidaṃ kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’’ti.

「大王,一时我住在释迦人中,名为城邑的释迦人村落。大王,那时阿难比库来到我所在之处;来到之后,礼敬我,在一旁坐下。大王,在一旁坐下的阿难比库对我如是说:『尊者,这是梵行的一半——即:善友、善同志、善同伴。』」

‘‘Evaṃ vuttāhaṃ, mahārāja, ānandaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘mā hevaṃ, ānanda, mā hevaṃ, ānanda! Sakalameva hidaṃ, ānanda, brahmacariyaṃ – yadidaṃ kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā. Kalyāṇamittassetaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṃ kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvessati ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkarissati’’’.

大王，如是说时，我对阿难比库说：『不是如此，阿难！不是如此，阿难！阿难，此即是梵行之全部——即是善友、善伴、善同志。阿难，可期望有善友、善伴、善同志之比库将修习圣八支道、多修圣八支道。

‘‘Kathañca, ānanda, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāveti, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkaroti? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sammādiṭṭhiṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ, sammāsaṅkappaṃ bhāveti…pe… sammāvācaṃ bhāveti…pe… sammākammantaṃ bhāveti…pe… sammāājīvaṃ bhāveti…pe… sammāvāyāmaṃ bhāveti…pe… sammāsatiṃ bhāveti…pe… sammāsamādhiṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. Evaṃ kho, ānanda, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāveti, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkaroti. Tadamināpetaṃ, ānanda, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā sakalamevidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ – yadidaṃ kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’ti.

「阿难,比库如何成为善友、善伴、善同志而修习圣八支道、多修圣八支道?阿难,于此,比库修习依止于远离、依止于离贪、依止于灭、向于舍遣的正见,修习依止于远离、依止于离贪、依止于灭、向于舍遣的正思惟,修习依止于远离、依止于离贪、依止于灭、向于舍遣的正语,修习依止于远离、依止于离贪、依止于灭、向于舍遣的正业,修习依止于远离、依止于离贪、依止于灭、向于舍遣的正命,修习依止于远离、依止于离贪、依止于灭、向于舍遣的正精进,修习依止于远离、依止于离贪、依止于灭、向于舍遣的正念,修习依止于远离、依止于离贪、依止于灭、向于舍遣的正定。阿难,比库如此成为善友、善伴、善同志而修习圣八支道、多修圣八支道。阿难,由此道理也应了知:这全部梵行,即是善友、善伴、善同志。」

‘‘Mamañhi, ānanda, kalyāṇamittaṃ āgamma jātidhammā sattā jātiyā parimuccanti, jarādhammā sattā jarāya parimuccanti, byādhidhammā sattā byādhito parimuccanti, maraṇadhammā sattā maraṇena parimuccanti, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā sattā sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsehi parimuccanti. Iminā kho etaṃ, ānanda, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā sakalamevidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ – yadidaṃ kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’ti.

「阿难!依止我这位善友,有生法的众生从生解脱,有老法的众生从老解脱,有病法的众生从病解脱,有死法的众生从死解脱,有愁、悲、苦、忧、绝望法的众生从愁、悲、苦、忧、绝望解脱。阿难!以此方法可以了知:整个梵行,也就是说,善友、善伴、善同伴。」

‘‘Tasmātiha te, mahārāja, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘kalyāṇamitto bhavissāmi kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko’ti. Evañhi te , mahārāja, sikkhitabbaṃ.

是故，大王，你应如是学：『我将成为善友、善伴、善同志。』大王，你实应如是学。

‘‘Kalyāṇamittassa te, mahārāja, kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa ayaṃ eko dhammo upanissāya vihātabbo – appamādo kusalesu dhammesu.

大王，作为善友、善伴、善同志者，你应依此一法而住——即于诸善法中不放逸。

‘‘Appamattassa te, mahārāja, viharato appamādaṃ upanissāya, itthāgārassa anuyantassa evaṃ bhavissati – ‘rājā kho appamatto viharati, appamādaṃ upanissāya. Handa, mayampi appamattā viharāma, appamādaṃ upanissāyā’’’ti.

大王，当你不放逸而住、依不放逸时，后宫眷属亦应如是想：『大王不放逸而住，依不放逸。我等亦应不放逸而住，依不放逸。』

‘‘Appamattassa te, mahārāja, viharato appamādaṃ upanissāya, khattiyānampi anuyantānaṃ evaṃ bhavissati – ‘rājā kho appamatto viharati appamādaṃ upanissāya. Handa, mayampi appamattā viharāma, appamādaṃ upanissāyā’’’ti.

大王，当你不放逸而住、依不放逸时，追随之诸刹帝利亦应如是想：『大王不放逸而住，依不放逸。我等亦应不放逸而住，依不放逸。』

‘‘Appamattassa te, mahārāja, viharato appamādaṃ upanissāya, balakāyassapi evaṃ bhavissati – ‘rājā kho appamatto viharati appamādaṃ upanissāya. Handa, mayampi appamattā viharāma, appamādaṃ upanissāyā’’’ti.

大王，当你不放逸而住、依不放逸时，军队亦应如是想：『大王不放逸而住，依不放逸。我等亦应不放逸而住，依不放逸。』

‘‘Appamattassa te, mahārāja, viharato appamādaṃ upanissāya, negamajānapadassapi evaṃ bhavissati – ‘rājā kho appamatto viharati, appamādaṃ upanissāya. Handa, mayampi appamattā viharāma, appamādaṃ upanissāyā’’’ti?

大王，当你不放逸而住、依不放逸时，城乡人民亦应如是想：『大王不放逸而住，依不放逸。我等亦应不放逸而住，依不放逸。』

‘‘Appamattassa te, mahārāja, viharato appamādaṃ upanissāya, attāpi gutto rakkhito bhavissati – itthāgārampi guttaṃ rakkhitaṃ bhavissati, kosakoṭṭhāgārampi guttaṃ rakkhitaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. Idamavoca…pe…

「大王,当你住于不放逸,依靠不放逸,自己也会被守护、被保护 —— 后宫也会被守护、被保护,库藏也会被守护、被保护。」这是所说……

‘‘Bhoge patthayamānena, uḷāre aparāpare;

「希求种种上等财富——

Appamādaṃ pasaṃsanti, puññakiriyāsu paṇḍitā.

智者于诸福业中称赞不放逸。

‘‘Appamatto ubho atthe, adhiggaṇhāti paṇḍito;

「不放逸之智者，二利皆得；

Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho samparāyiko;

现世之利与来世之利；

Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccatī’’ti.

因通达利益之坚定者，被称为智者。」

9. Paṭhamaaputtakasuttaṃ9. 无子第一经

§130

Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo divā divassa yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘handa, kuto nu tvaṃ, mahārāja, āgacchasi divā divassā’’ti?

沙瓦提因缘。那时高沙喇国王巴谢那帝日中时分前往世尊之处，礼敬世尊后坐于一旁。世尊对坐于一旁的高沙喇国王巴谢那帝说：「嘿，大王，你日中时分从何而来？」

‘‘Idha, bhante, sāvatthiyaṃ seṭṭhi gahapati kālaṅkato. Tamahaṃ aputtakaṃ sāpateyyaṃ rājantepuraṃ atiharitvā āgacchāmi. Asīti, bhante, satasahassāni hiraññasseva, ko pana vādo rūpiyassa ! Tassa kho pana, bhante, seṭṭhissa gahapatissa evarūpo bhattabhogo ahosi – kaṇājakaṃ bhuñjati bilaṅgadutiyaṃ. Evarūpo vatthabhogo ahosi – sāṇaṃ dhāreti tipakkhavasanaṃ. Evarūpo yānabhogo ahosi – jajjararathakena yāti paṇṇachattakena dhāriyamānenā’’ti.

「尊者，在此沙瓦提有一位居士长者死亡。我将其无子嗣之财产没收入王宫，然后前来。尊者，仅金子即有八十万，银更不必说！然而，尊者，彼居士长者饮食如是——食碎米加酸粥；衣着如是——着粗麻布三层之衣；乘具如是——乘破旧小车，以叶盖为伞。」

‘‘Evametaṃ, mahārāja, evametaṃ, mahārāja! Asappuriso kho, mahārāja, uḷāre bhoge labhitvā nevattānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti, na mātāpitaro sukheti pīṇeti, na puttadāraṃ sukheti pīṇeti, na dāsakammakaraporise sukheti pīṇeti, na mittāmacce sukheti pīṇeti, na samaṇabrāhmaṇesu uddhaggikaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti sovaggikaṃ sukhavipākaṃ saggasaṃvattanikaṃ. Tassa te bhoge evaṃ sammā aparibhuñjiyamāne rājāno vā haranti corā vā haranti aggi vā ḍahati udakaṃ vā vahati appiyā vā dāyādā haranti. Evaṃsa te , mahārāja, bhogā sammā aparibhuñjiyamānā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, no paribhogaṃ.

「如是，大王，如是！大王，非善士得广大财富，既不自乐自润，亦不乐润父母，不乐润妻子，不乐润奴仆雇工，不乐润朋友同事，亦不于沙门婆罗门处建立高尚、乐果、生天之布施。彼之财富如是不被正用，或为王所取，或为贼所取，或为火所烧，或为水所漂，或为不爱之继承人所取。大王，如是之财富不被正用而趋于灭尽，非至于受用。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, amanussaṭṭhāne pokkharaṇī acchodakā sītodakā sātodakā setodakā supatitthā ramaṇīyā. Taṃ jano neva hareyya na piveyya na nahāyeyya na yathāpaccayaṃ vā kareyya. Evañhi taṃ, mahārāja, udakaṃ sammā aparibhuñjiyamānaṃ parikkhayaṃ gaccheyya , no paribhogaṃ. Evameva kho, mahārāja, asappuriso uḷāre bhoge labhitvā nevattānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti, na mātāpitaro sukheti pīṇeti, na puttadāraṃ sukheti pīṇeti, na dāsakammakaraporise sukheti pīṇeti, na mittāmacce sukheti pīṇeti, na samaṇabrāhmaṇesu uddhaggikaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti sovaggikaṃ sukhavipākaṃ saggasaṃvattanikaṃ. Tassa te bhoge evaṃ sammā aparibhuñjiyamāne rājāno vā haranti corā vā haranti aggi vā ḍahati udakaṃ vā vahati appiyā vā dāyādā haranti. Evaṃsa te , mahārāja, bhogā sammā aparibhuñjiyamānā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, no paribhogaṃ.

「大王,譬如在非人所住之处有一莲花池,水清净、水冷凉、水甘美、水洁白、岸完善、令人欢喜。人们既不取之、不饮之、不浴之、也不随其所需而使用之。如是,大王,那水由于未被正确受用而会走向耗尽,而非受用。同样地,大王,非善人获得大财后,既不使自己快乐喜悦,不使父母快乐喜悦,不使妻儿快乐喜悦,不使奴仆工人下人快乐喜悦,不使朋友同僚快乐喜悦,也不对沙门婆罗门设立能向上的布施——有善果、有乐报、导向天界。他的那些财富如是未被正确受用时,或王取走,或盗贼取走,或火烧毁,或水冲走,或不爱的继承人取走。如是,大王,那些财富未被正确受用而走向耗尽,而非受用。

‘‘Sappuriso ca kho, mahārāja, uḷāre bhoge labhitvā attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti, mātāpitaro sukheti pīṇeti, puttadāraṃ sukheti pīṇeti, dāsakammakaraporise sukheti pīṇeti, mittāmacce sukheti pīṇeti, samaṇabrāhmaṇesu uddhaggikaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti sovaggikaṃ sukhavipākaṃ saggasaṃvattanikaṃ. Tassa te bhoge evaṃ sammā paribhuñjiyamāne neva rājāno haranti , na corā haranti, na aggi ḍahati, na udakaṃ vahati, na appiyā dāyādā haranti. Evaṃsa te, mahārāja, bhogā sammā paribhuñjiyamānā paribhogaṃ gacchanti, no parikkhayaṃ.

「大王,善人在获得丰厚的财富后,使自己快乐、喜悦,使父母快乐、喜悦,使妻儿快乐、喜悦,使奴仆雇工快乐、喜悦,使朋友同伴快乐、喜悦,在沙门婆罗门处建立崇高的布施,有善果、有乐果报、引向天界。当他的财富这样正确受用时,国王们不夺取,盗贼不夺取,火不烧毁,水不冲走,不爱的继承者不夺取。大王,如是财富正确受用时,达到受用,不达到耗尽。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, gāmassa vā nigamassa vā avidūre pokkharaṇī acchodakā sītodakā sātodakā setodakā supatitthā ramaṇīyā. Tañca udakaṃ jano hareyyapi piveyyapi nahāyeyyapi yathāpaccayampi kareyya. Evañhi taṃ, mahārāja, udakaṃ sammā paribhuñjiyamānaṃ paribhogaṃ gaccheyya, no parikkhayaṃ. Evameva kho, mahārāja, sappuriso uḷāre bhoge labhitvā attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti, mātāpitaro sukheti pīṇeti, puttadāraṃ sukheti pīṇeti, dāsakammakaraporise sukheti pīṇeti, mittāmacce sukheti pīṇeti, samaṇabrāhmaṇesu uddhaggikaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti sovaggikaṃ sukhavipākaṃ saggasaṃvattanikaṃ. Tassa te bhoge evaṃ sammā paribhuñjiyamāne neva rājāno haranti, na corā haranti, na aggi ḍahati, na udakaṃ vahati, na appiyā dāyādā haranti. Evaṃsa te, mahārāja, bhogā sammā paribhuñjiyamānā paribhogaṃ gacchanti, no parikkhaya’’nti.

「大王,譬如在村落或镇市不远处,有莲花池,水清澄、水清凉、水清甜、水清白,有妙岸,令人欢喜。人们取那水,或饮那水,或洗浴那水,或随需要使用那水。大王,如是那水被正确受用着则趣向受用,而非趣向耗尽。同样地,大王,善人获得殊胜的财富后,使自己快乐满足,使父母快乐满足,使妻儿快乐满足,使奴仆工人雇工快乐满足,使朋友同僚快乐满足,在沙门和婆罗门中设立上供、善的布施、有乐果报、导向天界。当他的那些财富如是被正确受用时,诸王不夺取,盗贼不夺取,火不烧毁,水不冲走,不爱的继承人不夺取。大王,如是那些财富被正确受用着则趣向受用,而非趣向耗尽。」

‘‘Amanussaṭṭhāne udakaṃva sītaṃ,

「如无人处之清凉水，

Tadapeyyamānaṃ parisosameti;

不被饮用则干涸；

Evaṃ dhanaṃ kāpuriso labhitvā,

如是卑劣之人得财富，

Nevattanā bhuñjati no dadāti.

既不自用亦不施与。

Dhīro ca viññū adhigamma bhoge,

「而智者得财富后，

So bhuñjati kiccakaro ca hoti;

彼享用并作应作；

So ñātisaṅghaṃ nisabho bharitvā,

彼如公牛支养亲族众，

Anindito saggamupeti ṭhāna’’nti.

无罪得生天界之位。」

10. Dutiyaaputtakasuttaṃ10. 无子第二经

§131

Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo divā divassa yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘handa, kuto nu tvaṃ, mahārāja, āgacchasi divā divassā’’ti?

那时憍萨罗国王巴谢那帝日中时分前往世尊之处。世尊对坐于一旁的憍萨罗国王巴谢那帝说：「嘿，大王，你日中时分从何而来？」

‘‘Idha, bhante, sāvatthiyaṃ seṭṭhi gahapati kālaṅkato. Tamahaṃ aputtakaṃ sāpateyyaṃ rājantepuraṃ atiharitvā āgacchāmi. Sataṃ, bhante, satasahassāni hiraññasseva, ko pana vādo rūpiyassa! Tassa kho pana, bhante, seṭṭhissa gahapatissa evarūpo bhattabhogo ahosi – kaṇājakaṃ bhuñjati bilaṅgadutiyaṃ. Evarūpo vatthabhogo ahosi – sāṇaṃ dhāreti tipakkhavasanaṃ . Evarūpo yānabhogo ahosi – jajjararathakena yāti paṇṇachattakena dhāriyamānenā’’ti.

「尊者,沙瓦提的长者居士已命终。我将他无子无财产继承人的遗产运入王宫后来此。尊者,光是金币就有十万,何况银币!然而,尊者,那位长者居士享用饮食是这样的——吃糠米,配以酸酱。享用衣着是这样的——穿粗麻布,三层拼缝而成。享用车乘是这样的——乘坐破旧的马车,用树叶伞遮护。」

‘‘Evametaṃ, mahārāja, evametaṃ, mahārāja! Bhūtapubbaṃ so, mahārāja, seṭṭhi gahapati taggarasikhiṃ nāma paccekasambuddhaṃ piṇḍapātena paṭipādesi. ‘Detha samaṇassa piṇḍa’nti vatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Datvā ca pana pacchā vippaṭisārī ahosi – ‘varametaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ dāsā vā kammakarā vā bhuñjeyyu’nti. Bhātu ca pana ekaputtakaṃ sāpateyyassa kāraṇā jīvitā voropesi.

「如是，大王,如是!大王,往昔彼居士长者曾以乞食供养德嘎拉希基独觉佛。彼说:『给这沙门饭食。』说已从座起而去。施已却心生后悔:『宁愿让奴仆或雇工食此饭食。』又为财产之故夺了兄弟独子之命。

‘‘Yaṃ kho so, mahārāja, seṭṭhi gahapati taggarasikhiṃ paccekasambuddhaṃ piṇḍapātena paṭipādesi, tassa kammassa vipākena sattakkhattuṃ sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajji. Tasseva kammassa vipākāvasesena imissāyeva sāvatthiyā sattakkhattuṃ seṭṭhittaṃ kāresi. Yaṃ kho so, mahārāja, seṭṭhi gahapati datvā pacchā vippaṭisārī ahosi – ‘varametaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ dāsā vā kammakarā vā bhuñjeyyu’nti, tassa kammassa vipākena nāssuḷārāya bhattabhogāya cittaṃ namati, nāssuḷārāya vatthabhogāya cittaṃ namati, nāssuḷārāya yānabhogāya cittaṃ namati, nāssuḷārānaṃ pañcannaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ bhogāya cittaṃ namati. Yaṃ kho so, mahārāja, seṭṭhi gahapati bhātu ca pana ekaputtakaṃ sāpateyyassa kāraṇā jīvitā voropesi, tassa kammassa vipākena bahūni vassāni bahūni vassasatāni bahūni vassasahassāni bahūni vassasatasahassāni niraye paccittha. Tasseva kammassa vipākāvasesena idaṃ sattamaṃ aputtakaṃ sāpateyyaṃ rājakosaṃ paveseti. Tassa kho, mahārāja, seṭṭhissa gahapatissa purāṇañca puññaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ, navañca puññaṃ anupacitaṃ. Ajja pana, mahārāja, seṭṭhi gahapati mahāroruve niraye paccatī’’ti . ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante, seṭṭhi gahapati mahāroruvaṃ nirayaṃ upapanno’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ , mahārāja, seṭṭhi gahapati mahāroruvaṃ nirayaṃ upapanno’’ti. Idamavoca…pe….

「大王,那位长者居士以钵食供养德嘎拉希基辟支佛,由于那业的果报,七次投生善趣天界。由于那同一业的残余果报,在此沙瓦提七次成为长者。大王,那位长者居士布施之后心生后悔——『宁可让那钵食给奴仆或工人吃』,由于那业的果报,心不倾向享受上等的饭食,心不倾向享受上等的衣服,心不倾向享受上等的车乘,心不倾向享受上等的五欲功德。大王,那位长者居士为了财产的缘故,剥夺了兄弟独子的生命,由于那业的果报,许多年、许多百年、许多千年、许多十万年在地狱受煮。由于那同一业的残余果报,这第七次无子的财产归入王库。大王,那位长者居士过去的福已耗尽,新的福未积累。今日,大王,长者居士正在大叫唤地狱受煮。」「是的,尊者,长者居士已投生大叫唤地狱。」「大王,长者居士已投生大叫唤地狱。」世尊如是说……

‘‘Dhaññaṃ dhanaṃ rajataṃ jātarūpaṃ, pariggahaṃ vāpi yadatthi kiñci;

「谷物、财富、金银，所拥有之一切，

Dāsā kammakarā pessā, ye cassa anujīvino.

奴仆、雇工、使役、及彼之随从。

‘‘Sabbaṃ nādāya gantabbaṃ, sabbaṃ nikkhippagāminaṃ ;

「一切皆不可带走，一切皆被舍弃；

Yañca karoti kāyena, vācāya uda cetasā.

然凡以身、语、意所作。

‘‘Tañhi tassa sakaṃ hoti, tañca ādāya gacchati;

「此实为彼所有，彼携之而去；

Tañcassa anugaṃ hoti, chāyāva anapāyinī.

此乃相随于彼，如影不离。

‘‘Tasmā kareyya kalyāṇaṃ, nicayaṃ samparāyikaṃ;

「是故应作善业，积累来世之资粮；

Puññāni paralokasmiṃ, patiṭṭhā honti pāṇina’’nti.

福为他世中，众生之依处。」

Dutiyo vaggo. · 第二品

Tassuddānaṃ –

摄颂曰：

Jaṭilā pañca rājāno, doṇapākakurena ca;

「结发、五王、一桶饭，

Saṅgāmena dve vuttāni, mallikā dve appamādena ca;

二战、茉莉、二不放逸、

Aputtakena dve vuttā, vaggo tena pavuccatīti.

二无子嗣，此品如是说。」

3. Tatiyavaggo

3. 第三品

1. Puggalasuttaṃ1. 人经

§132

Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘cattārome, mahārāja, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Tamotamaparāyano, tamojotiparāyano, jotitamaparāyano, jotijotiparāyano’’.

沙瓦提因缘。那时高沙喇国王巴谢那帝前往世尊之处，礼敬世尊后坐于一旁。世尊对坐于一旁的高沙喇国王巴谢那帝说：「大王，世间有此四种人存在。哪四种？从暗入暗者、从暗入明者、从明入暗者、从明入明者。

‘‘Kathañca, mahārāja puggalo tamotamaparāyano hoti? Idha, mahārāja, ekacco puggalo nīce kule paccājāto hoti, caṇḍālakule vā venakule vā nesādakule vā rathakārakule vā pukkusakule vā dalidde appannapānabhojane kasiravuttike , yattha kasirena ghāsacchādo labbhati. So ca hoti dubbaṇṇo duddasiko okoṭimako bavhābādho kāṇo vā kuṇī vā khañjo vā pakkhahato vā, na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati. So kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati.

大王，何等人从暗入暗？大王，在此某人生于低贱之家——旃陀罗家、猎人家、竹匠家、车匠家、除秽家、贫穷、少饭食饮食、生计困苦、艰难得衣食之处。彼容貌丑陋、难看、矮小、多病，或独眼、或跛、或瘸、或半身不遂，不得饮食、衣服、乘具、花鬘涂香、卧具住处灯明。彼以身行恶行、以语行恶行、以意行恶行。彼身行恶行、语行恶行、意行恶行后，身坏命终，生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, mahārāja , puriso andhakārā vā andhakāraṃ gaccheyya, tamā vā tamaṃ gaccheyya, lohitamalā vā lohitamalaṃ gaccheyya. Tathūpamāhaṃ, mahārāja, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, puggalo tamotamaparāyano hoti.

「大王,譬如有人从黑暗走向黑暗,从暗冥走向暗冥,从血垢走向血垢。大王,我说此人正是如此。大王,如是此人以暗为归趣、以暗为彼岸。

‘‘Kathañca, mahārāja, puggalo tamojotiparāyano hoti? Idha, mahārāja, ekacco puggalo nīce kule paccājāto hoti, caṇḍālakule vā venakule vā nesādakule vā rathakārakule vā pukkusakule vā dalidde appannapānabhojane kasiravuttike, yattha kasirena ghāsacchādo labbhati. So ca kho hoti dubbaṇṇo duddasiko okoṭimako bavhābādho, kāṇo vā kuṇī vā khañjo vā pakkhahato vā, na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So kāyena sucaritaṃ carati, vācāya sucaritaṃ carati, manasā sucaritaṃ carati. So kāyena sucaritaṃ caritvā vācāya sucaritaṃ caritvā manasā sucaritaṃ caritvā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati.

「大王,如何人是从暗至光呢?大王,于此,某人出生于低贱家族,或旃陀罗家族,或竹工家族,或猎师家族,或车匠家族,或除秽者家族,贫穷、少食物饮料,艰难维生,于彼处以艰难获得衣食。而且他丑陋、难看、畸形、多病,独眼或手畸或跛足或半身不遂,不获得食物、饮料、衣服、车乘、花鬘香涂料、床座住所灯烛。他以身行善行,以语行善行,以意行善行。他以身行善行,以语行善行,以意行善行后,身坏命终后往生善趣、天界。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, puriso pathaviyā vā pallaṅkaṃ āroheyya, pallaṅkā vā assapiṭṭhiṃ āroheyya, assapiṭṭhiyā vā hatthikkhandhaṃ āroheyya, hatthikkhandhā vā pāsādaṃ āroheyya. Tathūpamāhaṃ, mahārāja, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, puggalo tamojotiparāyano hoti.

大王，犹如人从地登上床座，从床座登上马背，从马背登上象背，从象背登上高楼。大王，我以此为此人之譬喻。大王，如是此人从暗入明。

‘‘Kathañca, mahārāja, puggalo jotitamaparāyano hoti? Idha , mahārāja, ekacco puggalo ucce kule paccājāto hoti, khattiyamahāsālakule vā brāhmaṇamahāsālakule vā gahapatimahāsālakule vā, aḍḍhe mahaddhane mahābhoge pahūtajātarūparajate pahūtavittūpakaraṇe pahūtadhanadhaññe. So ca hoti abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko, paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati. So kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati.

大王，何等人从明入暗？大王，在此某人生于高贵之家——大豪富刹帝利家、大豪富婆罗门家、大豪富居士家，富有、大财富、大资产、多金银、多财物设备、多财谷。彼端正、悦目、可爱，具最上之容貌庄严，得饮食、衣服、乘具、花鬘涂香、卧具住处灯明。彼以身行恶行、以语行恶行、以意行恶行。彼身行恶行、语行恶行、意行恶行后，身坏命终，生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, puriso pāsādā vā hatthikkhandhaṃ oroheyya, hatthikkhandhā vā assapiṭṭhiṃ oroheyya, assapiṭṭhiyā vā pallaṅkaṃ oroheyya, pallaṅkā vā pathaviṃ oroheyya, pathaviyā vā andhakāraṃ paviseyya. Tathūpamāhaṃ, mahārāja, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, puggalo jotitamaparāyano hoti.

「大王,譬如有人从楼阁下到象背,从象背下到马背,从马背下到卧椅,从卧椅下到地面,从地面进入黑暗。大王,我说此人就是如此譬喻。大王,如是此人以光明为至暗为去处。」

‘‘Kathañca, mahārāja, puggalo jotijotiparāyano hoti? Idha, mahārāja, ekacco puggalo ucce kule paccājāto hoti, khattiyamahāsālakule vā brāhmaṇamahāsālakule vā gahapatimahāsālakule vā, aḍḍhe mahaddhane mahābhoge pahūtajātarūparajate pahūtavittūpakaraṇe pahūtadhanadhaññe. So ca hoti abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko, paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato , lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So kāyena sucaritaṃ carati, vācāya sucaritaṃ carati, manasā sucaritaṃ carati. So kāyena sucaritaṃ caritvā vācāya sucaritaṃ caritvā manasā sucaritaṃ caritvā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati.

「大王,人如何是光辉至光辉到彼岸者呢?大王,于此,某人出生在高贵的家族,或刹帝利大财主家族,或婆罗门大财主家族,或家主大财主家族,富裕、大富、财多、拥有众多黄金白银、拥有众多财产资具、拥有众多钱财谷物。而且他是可爱的、好看的、悦意的、具足最胜的美貌光彩,是食物、饮料、衣服、车乘、华鬘香膏涂料、卧具住所灯明的获得者。他以身行善行,以语行善行,以意行善行。他以身行善行后,以语行善行后,以意行善行后,身坏命终后往生于善趣、天界。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, puriso pallaṅkā vā pallaṅkaṃ saṅkameyya, assapiṭṭhiyā vā assapiṭṭhiṃ saṅkameyya, hatthikkhandhā vā hatthikkhandhaṃ saṅkameyya, pāsādā vā pāsādaṃ saṅkameyya. Tathūpamāhaṃ, mahārāja, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, puggalo jotijotiparāyano hoti. Ime kho, mahārāja, cattāro puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti. Idamavoca…pe…

「大王,譬如有人从床移到床,从马背移到马背,从象背移到象背,从殿堂移到殿堂。大王,我说此人如是譬喻。大王,如是此人是光光归趣者。大王,这四种人现前存在于世间。」世尊说此已。

‘‘Daliddo puriso rāja, assaddho hoti maccharī;

「贫穷之人，王啊，无信、悭吝，

Kadariyo pāpasaṅkappo, micchādiṭṭhi anādaro.

鄙劣、恶意、邪见、不恭敬。

‘‘Samaṇe brāhmaṇe vāpi, aññe vāpi vanibbake;

「对于沙门、婆罗门、或其他乞求者，

Akkosati paribhāsati, natthiko hoti rosako.

呵骂、辱骂，是虚无者、怒人。

‘‘Dadamānaṃ nivāreti, yācamānāna bhojanaṃ;

「禁止施与，阻碍乞者之饮食；

Tādiso puriso rāja, mīyamāno janādhipa;

如是之人，人主王，命终时，

Upeti nirayaṃ ghoraṃ, tamotamaparāyano.

入恐怖地狱，从暗入暗。

‘‘Daliddo puriso rāja, saddho hoti amaccharī;

「贫穷之人，王啊，具信、不悭，

Dadāti seṭṭhasaṅkappo, abyaggamanaso naro.

布施以最胜之意，心无散乱。

‘‘Samaṇe brāhmaṇe vāpi, aññe vāpi vanibbake;

「对于沙门、婆罗门、或其他乞求者，

Uṭṭhāya abhivādeti, samacariyāya sikkhati.

起立敬礼，学于平等行。

‘‘Dadamānaṃ na vāreti , yācamānāna bhojanaṃ;

「不阻止施与，不碍乞者之饮食；

Tādiso puriso rāja, mīyamāno janādhipa;

如是之人，人主王，命终时，

Upeti tidivaṃ ṭhānaṃ, tamojotiparāyano.

入三十三天界，从暗入明。

‘‘Aḍḍho ce puriso rāja, assaddho hoti maccharī;

「富有之人，王啊，若无信、悭吝，

Kadariyo pāpasaṅkappo, micchādiṭṭhi anādaro.

鄙劣、恶意、邪见、不恭敬。

‘‘Samaṇe brāhmaṇe vāpi, aññe vāpi vanibbake;

「对于沙门、婆罗门、或其他乞求者，

Akkosati paribhāsati, natthiko hoti rosako.

呵骂、辱骂，是虚无者、怒人。

‘‘Dadamānaṃ nivāreti, yācamānāna bhojanaṃ;

「禁止施与，阻碍乞者之饮食；

Tādiso puriso rāja, mīyamāno janādhipa;

如是之人，人主王，命终时，

Upeti nirayaṃ ghoraṃ, jotitamaparāyano.

入恐怖地狱，从明入暗。

‘‘Aḍḍho ce puriso rāja, saddho hoti amaccharī;

「富有之人，王啊，具信、不悭，

Dadāti seṭṭhasaṅkappo, abyaggamanaso naro.

布施以最胜之意，心无散乱。

‘‘Samaṇe brāhmaṇe vāpi, aññe vāpi vanibbake;

「对于沙门、婆罗门、或其他乞求者，

Uṭṭhāya abhivādeti, samacariyāya sikkhati.

起立敬礼，学于平等行。

‘‘Dadamānaṃ na vāreti, yācamānāna bhojanaṃ;

「不阻止施与，不碍乞者之饮食；

Tādiso puriso rāja, mīyamāno janādhipa;

如是之人，人主王，命终时，

Upeti tidivaṃ ṭhānaṃ, jotijotiparāyano’’ti.

入三十三天界，从明入明。」

2. Ayyikāsuttaṃ2. 祖母经

§133

Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘handa, kuto nu tvaṃ, mahārāja, āgacchasi divādivassā’’ti?

沙瓦提因缘。世尊对坐于一旁的国萨拉国王巴谢那帝说：「嘿，大王，你日中时分从何而来？」

‘‘Ayyikā me, bhante, kālaṅkatā jiṇṇā vuḍḍhā mahallikā addhagatā vayoanuppattā vīsavassasatikā jātiyā. Ayyikā kho pana me, bhante, piyā hoti manāpā. Hatthiratanena cepāhaṃ, bhante, labheyyaṃ ‘mā me ayyikā kālamakāsī’ti, hatthiratanampāhaṃ dadeyyaṃ – ‘mā me ayyikā kālamakāsī’ti. Assaratanena cepāhaṃ, bhante, labheyyaṃ ‘mā me ayyikā kālamakāsī’ti, assaratanampāhaṃ dadeyyaṃ – ‘mā me ayyikā kālamakāsī’ti. Gāmavarena cepāhaṃ bhante, labheyyaṃ ‘mā me ayyikā kālamakāsī’ti, gāmavarampāhaṃ dadeyyaṃ – ‘mā me ayyikā kālamakāsī’ti. Janapadapadesena cepāhaṃ, bhante, labheyyaṃ ‘mā me ayyikā kālamakāsī’ti, janapadapadesampāhaṃ dadeyyaṃ – ‘mā me ayyikā kālamakāsī’ti. ‘Sabbe sattā, mahārāja, maraṇadhammā maraṇapariyosānā maraṇaṃ anatītā’ti. ‘Acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Yāvasubhāsitamidaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā – sabbe sattā maraṇadhammā maraṇapariyosānā maraṇaṃ anatītā’’’ti.

「尊者,我的祖母已死去,她是衰老者、年长者、高龄者、已到老年、已达寿数,生于一百二十岁。尊者,我的祖母对我是可爱的、可意的。尊者,如果我能以象宝获得『愿我的祖母不要死去』,我会布施象宝——『愿我的祖母不要死去』。尊者,如果我能以马宝获得『愿我的祖母不要死去』,我会布施马宝——『愿我的祖母不要死去』。尊者,如果我能以村落的最胜处获得『愿我的祖母不要死去』,我会布施村落的最胜处——『愿我的祖母不要死去』。尊者,如果我能以国土领地获得『愿我的祖母不要死去』,我会布施国土领地——『愿我的祖母不要死去』。『大王,一切有情是死法、以死为终结、未超越死。』「尊者,这是稀有的!尊者,这是未曾有的!尊者,这确实是世尊善说——一切有情是死法、以死为终结、未超越死。」」

‘‘Evametaṃ, mahārāja, evametaṃ, mahārāja! Sabbe sattā maraṇadhammā maraṇapariyosānā maraṇaṃ anatītā. Seyyathāpi, mahārāja, yāni kānici kumbhakārabhājanāni āmakāni ceva pakkāni ca sabbāni tāni bhedanadhammāni bhedanapariyosānāni bhedanaṃ anatītāni; evameva kho, mahārāja, sabbe sattā maraṇadhammā maraṇapariyosānā maraṇaṃ anatītā’’ti. Idamavoca…pe…

「如是，大王，如是！一切众生皆是死法，以死为终，不能越死。大王，犹如诸陶工之器皿，生坯或已烧，一切皆是坏法、以坏为终、不能越坏；大王，如是一切众生皆是死法，以死为终，不能越死。」世尊如是说……

‘‘Sabbe sattā marissanti, maraṇantañhi jīvitaṃ;

「一切众生皆将死，生命以死为终；

Yathākammaṃ gamissanti, puññapāpaphalūpagā;

随业而去，获福恶之果；

Nirayaṃ pāpakammantā, puññakammā ca suggatiṃ.

恶业者入地狱，善业者至善趣。

‘‘Tasmā kareyya kalyāṇaṃ, nicayaṃ samparāyikaṃ;

「是故应作善业，积累来世之资粮；

Puññāni paralokasmiṃ, patiṭṭhā honti pāṇina’’nti.

福为他世中，众生之依处。」

3. Lokasuttaṃ3. 世间经

§134

Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, bhante, lokassa dhammā uppajjamānā uppajjanti ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāyā’’ti? ‘‘Tayo kho, mahārāja, lokassa dhammā uppajjamānā uppajjanti ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya. Katame tayo? Lobho kho, mahārāja, lokassa dhammo, uppajjamāno uppajjati ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya. Doso kho, mahārāja, lokassa dhammo, uppajjamāno uppajjati ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya. Moho kho, mahārāja, lokassa dhammo, uppajjamāno uppajjati ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya. Ime kho, mahārāja, tayo lokassa dhammā uppajjamānā uppajjanti ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāyā’’ti. Idamavoca…pe…

沙瓦提因缘。坐于一旁的国萨拉国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「尊者，世间有几种法生起时，导致不利、苦、不安住？」「大王，世间有三法生起时，导致不利、苦、不安住。哪三种？大王，贪是世间之非法品，生起时导致不利、苦、不安住。大王，瞋是世间之非法品，生起时导致不利、苦、不安住。大王，痴是世间之非法品，生起时导致不利、苦、不安住。大王，此三法生起时导致不利、苦、不安住。」世尊如是说……

‘‘Lobho doso ca moho ca, purisaṃ pāpacetasaṃ;

「贪、瞋、痴，于心怀恶意之人，

Hiṃsanti attasambhūtā, tacasāraṃva samphala’’nti.

自内所生害彼，如自身之果害竹芦。」

4. Issattasuttaṃ4. 射术经

§135

Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kattha nu kho, bhante, dānaṃ dātabba’’nti? ‘‘Yattha kho, mahārāja, cittaṃ pasīdatī’’ti. ‘‘Kattha pana, bhante, dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti? ‘‘Aññaṃ kho etaṃ, mahārāja, kattha dānaṃ dātabbaṃ, aññaṃ panetaṃ kattha dinnaṃ mahapphalanti? Sīlavato kho, mahārāja, dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ, no tathā dussīle. Tena hi, mahārāja, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi. Yathā, te khameyya, tathā naṃ byākareyyāsi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, idha tyassa yuddhaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ saṅgāmo samupabyūḷho . Atha āgaccheyya khattiyakumāro asikkhito akatahattho akatayoggo akatūpāsano bhīru chambhī utrāsī palāyī. Bhareyyāsi taṃ purisaṃ, attho ca te tādisena purisenā’’ti? ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhante, bhareyyaṃ taṃ purisaṃ, na ca me attho tādisena purisenā’’ti. ‘‘Atha āgaccheyya brāhmaṇakumāro asikkhito…pe… atha āgaccheyya vessakumāro asikkhito…pe… atha āgaccheyya suddakumāro asikkhito…pe… na ca me attho tādisena purisenā’’ti.

沙瓦提因缘。坐于一旁的国萨拉国王巴谢那帝对世尊说：「尊者，施应布施何处？」「大王，心所信乐之处。」「尊者，何处施有大果？」「大王，此是一事：『施应布施何处？』彼是另一事：『何处施有大果？』大王，施具戒者有大果，施恶戒者则否。大王，那我反问你，你随所乐而答。大王，你意云何？若你面临战争、战役将起，此时若来一位刹帝利童子——未受训、未熟练、未锻炼、未演习、怯懦、惊惶、恐惧、逃跑者。你会雇佣此人吗？你需要此等人吗？」「尊者，我不会雇佣此人，我也不需要此等人。」「若来一位婆罗门童子未受训……若来一位吠舍童子未受训……若来一位首陀罗童子未受训……我也不需要此等人。」

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, idha tyassa yuddhaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ saṅgāmo samupabyūḷho. Atha āgaccheyya khattiyakumāro susikkhito katahattho katayoggo katūpāsano abhīru acchambhī anutrāsī apalāyī. Bhareyyāsi taṃ purisaṃ, attho ca te tādisena purisenā’’ti? ‘‘Bhareyyāhaṃ, bhante , taṃ purisaṃ, attho ca me tādisena purisenā’’ti. ‘‘Atha āgaccheyya brāhmaṇakumāro…pe… atha āgaccheyya vessakumāro…pe… atha āgaccheyya suddakumāro susikkhito katahattho katayoggo katūpāsano abhīru acchambhī anutrāsī apalāyī. Bhareyyāsi taṃ purisaṃ, attho ca te tādisena purisenā’’ti? ‘‘Bhareyyāhaṃ, bhante, taṃ purisaṃ, attho ca me tādisena purisenā’’ti.

「大王，你意云何？若你面临战争、战役将起，此时若来一位刹帝利童子——善受训、熟练、锻炼、演习、不怯懦、不惊惶、不恐惧、不逃跑者。你会雇佣此人吗？你需要此等人吗？」「尊者，我会雇佣此人，我也需要此等人。」「若来一位婆罗门童子……若来一位吠舍童子……若来一位首陀罗童子善受训……你会雇佣此人吗？你需要此等人吗？」「尊者，我会雇佣此人，我也需要此等人。」

‘‘Evameva kho, mahārāja, yasmā kasmā cepi kulā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti, so ca hoti pañcaṅgavippahīno pañcaṅgasamannāgato, tasmiṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti. Katamāni pañcaṅgāni pahīnāni honti? Kāmacchando pahīno hoti, byāpādo pahīno hoti, thinamiddhaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, vicikicchā pahīnā hoti. Imāni pañcaṅgāni pahīnāni honti. Katamehi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato hoti? Asekkhena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena samādhikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena paññākkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena vimuttikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhena samannāgato hoti. Imehi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato hoti. Iti pañcaṅgavippahīne pañcaṅgasamannāgate dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti. Idamavoca bhagavā…pe… satthā –

「大王,同样地,无论从何种族家族出家,从在家成为无家者,若他已舍断五支、已具足五支,对他所施的便有大果报。已舍断哪五支呢?已舍断欲欲,已舍断嗔恚,已舍断昏沉睡眠,已舍断掉举追悔,已舍断疑。已舍断这五支。已具足哪五支呢?已具足无学戒蕴,已具足无学定蕴,已具足无学慧蕴,已具足无学解脱蕴,已具足无学解脱智见蕴。已具足这五支。如是对已舍断五支、已具足五支者所施的,有大果报。」世尊说此。导师说:

‘‘Issattaṃ balavīriyañca , yasmiṃ vijjetha māṇave;

「弓术、力、精进，具此于学童，

Taṃ yuddhattho bhare rājā, nāsūraṃ jātipaccayā.

王为战争应雇之，非以出身雇非勇士。

‘‘Tatheva khantisoraccaṃ, dhammā yasmiṃ patiṭṭhitā;

「如是忍与柔和，诸法住于彼，

Ariyavuttiṃ medhāviṃ, hīnajaccampi pūjaye.

应供养圣行之智者，纵使出身低微。

‘‘Kāraye assame ramme, vāsayettha bahussute;

「应建舒适的居处，使多闻者住其中；

Papañca vivane kayirā, dugge saṅkamanāni ca.

于林中造井，于难行处作桥梁。

‘‘Annaṃ pānaṃ khādanīyaṃ, vatthasenāsanāni ca;

「饮食、副食、衣服、坐卧具；

Dadeyya ujubhūtesu, vippasannena cetasā.

应以净信之心，施于正直者。

‘‘Yathā hi megho thanayaṃ, vijjumālī satakkaku;

「犹如雷鸣之云，电光绕一百峰；

Thalaṃ ninnañca pūreti, abhivassaṃ vasundharaṃ.

雨下充满高地低地，润泽大地。

‘‘Tatheva saddho sutavā, abhisaṅkhacca bhojanaṃ;

「如是有信多闻者，准备好饮食；

Vanibbake tappayati, annapānena paṇḍito.

以饮食满足乞求者，智者。

‘‘Āmodamāno pakireti, detha dethāti bhāsati;

「欢喜地散布，说『施与、施与』；

Taṃ hissa gajjitaṃ hoti, devasseva pavassato;

此是彼之雷鸣，如天之雨降；

Sā puññadhārā vipulā, dātāraṃ abhivassatī’’ti.

此广大之福德流，润泽施者。」

5. Pabbatūpamasuttaṃ5. 山喻经

§136

Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘handa, kuto nu tvaṃ, mahārāja, āgacchasi divā divassā’’ti? ‘‘Yāni tāni, bhante, raññaṃ khattiyānaṃ muddhāvasittānaṃ issariyamadamattānaṃ kāmagedhapariyuṭṭhitānaṃ janapadatthāvariyappattānaṃ mahantaṃ pathavimaṇḍalaṃ abhivijiya ajjhāvasantānaṃ rājakaraṇīyāni bhavanti, tesu khvāhaṃ, etarahi ussukkamāpanno’’ti.

沙瓦提因缘。世尊对坐于一旁的国萨拉国王巴谢那帝说：「嘿，大王，你日中时分从何而来？」「尊者，那些已灌顶、醉于王权之傲、被欲贪所困、已达国土安定、已征服广大国土而居住之刹帝利王，彼等所应做之王事，对此我现正忙于彼等事。」

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, idha te puriso āgaccheyya puratthimāya disāya saddhāyiko paccayiko. So taṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘yagghe, mahārāja, jāneyyāsi, ahaṃ āgacchāmi puratthimāya disāya. Tatthaddasaṃ mahantaṃ pabbataṃ abbhasamaṃ sabbe pāṇe nippothento āgacchati. Yaṃ te, mahārāja, karaṇīyaṃ, taṃ karohī’ti. Atha dutiyo puriso āgaccheyya pacchimāya disāya…pe… atha tatiyo puriso āgaccheyya uttarāya disāya…pe… atha catuttho puriso āgaccheyya dakkhiṇāya disāya saddhāyiko paccayiko. So taṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘yagghe mahārāja, jāneyyāsi, ahaṃ āgacchāmi dakkhiṇāya disāya. Tatthaddasaṃ mahantaṃ pabbataṃ abbhasamaṃ sabbe pāṇe nippothento āgacchati. Yaṃ te, mahārāja, karaṇīyaṃ taṃ karohī’ti. Evarūpe te, mahārāja, mahati mahabbhaye samuppanne dāruṇe manussakkhaye dullabhe manussatte kimassa karaṇīya’’nti?

「大王，你意云何？若有你所信任、可靠之人从东方来。他前来你处，如是说：『禀告大王，让你知道，我从东方来。于彼处我见一座如天空般之大山，一路摧毁一切生灵而来。王，凡你应作之事，你当作之。』其后第二人从西方来……第三人从北方来……第四人从南方来，为你所信任、可靠。他前来你处，如是说：『禀告大王，让你知道，我从南方来。于彼处我见一座如天空般之大山，一路摧毁一切生灵而来。王，凡你应作之事，你当作之。』大王，如是大恐怖生起、可怕之人类灭绝、难得之人身时，应作何事？」

‘‘Evarūpe me, bhante, mahati mahabbhaye samuppanne dāruṇe manussakkhaye dullabhe manussatte kimassa karaṇīyaṃ aññatra dhammacariyāya aññatra samacariyāya aññatra kusalakiriyāya aññatra puññakiriyāyā’’ti?

「尊者，于此大恐怖生起、可怕之人类灭绝、难得之人身时，除了行法、行正行、行善行、行福行外，还有何可作？」

‘‘Ārocemi kho te, mahārāja, paṭivedemi kho te, mahārāja, adhivattati kho taṃ, mahārāja, jarāmaraṇaṃ. Adhivattamāne ce te, mahārāja, jarāmaraṇe kimassa karaṇīya’’nti? ‘‘Adhivattamāne ca me, bhante, jarāmaraṇe kimassa karaṇīyaṃ aññatra dhammacariyāya samacariyāya kusalakiriyāya puññakiriyāya? Yāni tāni, bhante, raññaṃ khattiyānaṃ muddhāvasittānaṃ issariyamadamattānaṃ kāmagedhapariyuṭṭhitānaṃ janapadatthāvariyappattānaṃ mahantaṃ pathavimaṇḍalaṃ abhivijiya ajjhāvasantānaṃ hatthiyuddhāni bhavanti; tesampi, bhante, hatthiyuddhānaṃ natthi gati natthi visayo adhivattamāne jarāmaraṇe. Yānipi tāni, bhante, raññaṃ khattiyānaṃ muddhāvasittānaṃ…pe… ajjhāvasantānaṃ assayuddhāni bhavanti…pe… rathayuddhāni bhavanti …pe… pattiyuddhāni bhavanti; tesampi , bhante, pattiyuddhānaṃ natthi gati natthi visayo adhivattamāne jarāmaraṇe. Santi kho pana, bhante, imasmiṃ rājakule mantino mahāmattā, ye pahonti āgate paccatthike mantehi bhedayituṃ. Tesampi, bhante, mantayuddhānaṃ natthi gati natthi visayo adhivattamāne jarāmaraṇe. Saṃvijjati kho pana, bhante, imasmiṃ rājakule pahūtaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ bhūmigatañceva vehāsaṭṭhañca, yena mayaṃ pahoma āgate paccatthike dhanena upalāpetuṃ. Tesampi, bhante, dhanayuddhānaṃ natthi gati natthi visayo adhivattamāne jarāmaraṇe. Adhivattamāne ca me, bhante, jarāmaraṇe kimassa karaṇīyaṃ aññatra dhammacariyāya samacariyāya kusalakiriyāya puññakiriyāyā’’ti?

「大王，我告诉你、我宣告你：大王，老死正压迫你！大王，当老死压迫你时，应作何事？」「尊者，当老死压迫我时，除了行法、行正行、行善行、行福行外，还有何可作？尊者，那些已灌顶、醉于王权之傲、被欲贪所困、已达国土安定、已征服广大国土而居住之刹帝利王，彼等有象战；然而，尊者，象战对被老死所压迫者，无路可走、无领域可施展。尊者，那些已灌顶之刹帝利王……有马战……有车战……有步战；然而，尊者，步战对被老死所压迫者，无路可走、无领域可施展。尊者，此王族中有诸谋士大臣，能以谋略分化敌方；然而，尊者，谋略战对被老死所压迫者，无路可走、无领域可施展。尊者，然此王族中有充足之金银藏于地下或置于高处，以此我们能以财物收买敌方；然而，尊者，财物战对被老死所压迫者，无路可走、无领域可施展。尊者，当老死压迫我时，除了行法、行正行、行善行、行福行外，还有何可作？」

‘‘Evametaṃ, mahārāja, evametaṃ, mahārāja! Adhivattamāne jarāmaraṇe kimassa karaṇīyaṃ aññatra dhammacariyāya samacariyāya kusalakiriyāya puññakiriyāyā’’ti? Idamavoca bhagavā…pe… satthā –

「如是，大王，如是！当老死压迫时，除了行法、行正行、行善行、行福行外，还有何可作？」世尊如是说……大师：

‘‘Yathāpi selā vipulā, nabhaṃ āhacca pabbatā;

「犹如广大之岩石，触天之诸山，

Samantānupariyāyeyyuṃ, nippothento catuddisā.

环绕而来，摧毁于四方。

‘‘Evaṃ jarā ca maccu ca, adhivattanti pāṇine ;

「如是老与死，压迫诸众生；

Khattiye brāhmaṇe vesse, sudde caṇḍālapukkuse;

刹帝利、婆罗门、吠舍、首陀罗、旃陀罗、除秽者——

Na kiñci parivajjeti, sabbamevābhimaddati.

一切皆不得避免，悉皆摧破。

‘‘Na tattha hatthīnaṃ bhūmi, na rathānaṃ na pattiyā;

「于彼处无象之地，无车无步兵；

Na cāpi mantayuddhena, sakkā jetuṃ dhanena vā.

亦不能以谋略或财物战胜。

‘‘Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano;

「是故智慧之人，观察自身之利益，

Buddhe dhamme ca saṅghe ca, dhīro saddhaṃ nivesaye.

对佛、对法、对僧，坚定者应建立信心。

‘‘Yo dhammaṃ cari kāyena, vācāya uda cetasā;

「凡以身、以语、以意行法者，

Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī’’ti.

此世间中人们称赞彼，死后于天界欢喜。」

Tatiyo vaggo. · 第三品

Tassuddānaṃ –

其摄颂──

Puggalo ayyikā loko, issattaṃ pabbatūpamā;

「人、祖母、世间、弓术、山之譬喻；

Desitaṃ buddhaseṭṭhena, imaṃ kosalapañcakanti.

此乃最上佛陀所说，此为国萨拉五经。」

Kosalasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ. · 国萨拉相应完