8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ · 8. 教授尸伽罗经
8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ8. 教授尸伽罗经
§242
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena siṅgālako gahapatiputto kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassati – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ.
如是我闻：一时，世尊住在王舍城竹林喂松鼠处。那时，有一位名为辛额勒格的居士之子，清晨从王舍城出来，湿衣湿发，合掌礼拜各方——东方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方。
§243
Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavatthaṃ allakesaṃ pañjalikaṃ puthudisā namassantaṃ – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ. Disvā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho tvaṃ, gahapatiputta, kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassasi – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disa’’nti? ‘‘Pitā maṃ, bhante, kālaṃ karonto evaṃ avaca – ‘disā, tāta, namasseyyāsī’ti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, pituvacanaṃ sakkaronto garuṃ karonto mānento pūjento kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassāmi – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disa’’nti.
那时,世尊在上午时分穿好衣,拿着钵和衣入王舍城为了乞食。世尊看见辛嘎喇咖居士子一大早起来,从王舍城出来,湿衣湿发,合掌向各方礼敬——向东方、向南方、向西方、向北方、向下方、向上方。看见后,对辛嘎喇咖居士子说这些话:「居士子,为什么你一大早起来,从王舍城出来,湿衣湿发,合掌向各方礼敬——向东方、向南方、向西方、向北方、向下方、向上方?」「尊者,我父亲命终时这样对我说:『亲爱的,你应礼敬诸方。』尊者,我尊敬父亲的话,尊重,敬重,尊崇,一大早起来,从王舍城出来,湿衣湿发,合掌向各方礼敬——向东方、向南方、向西方、向北方、向下方、向上方。」
Cha disā六方
§244
‘‘Na kho, gahapatiputta, ariyassa vinaye evaṃ cha disā namassitabbā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana, bhante, ariyassa vinaye cha disā namassitabbā? Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā tathā dhammaṃ desetu, yathā ariyassa vinaye cha disā namassitabbā’’ti.
「居士之子啊，在圣者之律中，六方不应如此礼拜。」「尊者，在圣者之律中应如何礼拜六方呢？善哉，尊者，愿世尊为我如此说法——在圣者之律中应如何礼拜六方。」
‘‘Tena hi, gahapatiputta suṇohi sādhukaṃ manasikarohi bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
「那么，居士之子，谛听，善作意，我当说。」「是的，尊者。」辛额勒格居士之子应诺世尊。世尊这样说——
‘‘Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvakassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti, catūhi ca ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti, cha ca bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati, so evaṃ cuddasa pāpakāpagato chaddisāpaṭicchādī ubholokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti. Tassa ayañceva loko āraddho hoti paro ca loko. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati.
「居士之子，当圣弟子舍断四种业染垢，不依四处作恶业，不从事六种损财之门，如此他便远离十四恶事，成为覆护六方者，已踏上征服两世之道。他于此世成功，于他世亦成功。身坏命终之后，他往生善趣天界。
Cattārokammakilesā四种业烦恼
§245
‘‘Katamassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti? Pāṇātipāto kho, gahapatiputta, kammakileso, adinnādānaṃ kammakileso, kāmesumicchācāro kammakileso, musāvādo kammakileso. Imassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā hontī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
「何谓四种业染垢已被舍断？居士之子，杀生是业染垢，不与取是业染垢，欲邪行是业染垢，妄语是业染垢。这四种业染垢已被舍断。」世尊这样说。善逝如此说已，导师又说此偈——
‘‘Pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṃ, musāvādo ca vuccati;
「杀生与不与取，以及所谓妄语，
Paradāragamanañceva, nappasaṃsanti paṇḍitā’’ti.
往他人之妻者，智者皆不赞叹。」
Catuṭṭhānaṃ四处
§246
‘‘Katamehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti? Chandāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, dosāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, mohāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti. Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako neva chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati; imehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karotī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
「何谓不依四处作恶业？因贪欲偏私而作恶业，因瞋恚偏私而作恶业，因愚痴偏私而作恶业，因怖畏偏私而作恶业。居士之子，当圣弟子不因贪欲偏私，不因瞋恚偏私，不因愚痴偏私，不因怖畏偏私；便不从此四处作恶业。」世尊这样说。善逝如此说已，导师又说此偈——
‘‘Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ ativattati;
「因贪、瞋、怖、痴，若人违越法，
Nihīyati yaso tassa , kāḷapakkheva candimā.
彼之名声衰，如黑分之月。
‘‘Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ nātivattati;
「因贪、瞋、怖、痴，若人不越法，
Āpūrati yaso tassa , sukkapakkheva candimā’’ti.
彼之名声增，如白分之月。」
Cha apāyamukhāni六种堕落之门
§247
‘‘Katamāni cha bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati? Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo kho, gahapatiputta, bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, vikālavisikhācariyānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, samajjābhicaraṇaṃ bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, pāpamittānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, ālasyānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ.
「何谓不从事六种损财之门？居士之子，耽溺饮酒放逸处是损财之门，耽溺非时游荡街道是损财之门，常赴嬉戏娱乐之处是损财之门，耽溺赌博放逸处是损财之门，亲近恶友是损财之门，耽于懒惰是损财之门。
Surāmerayassa cha ādīnavā谷酒果酒的六种过患
§248
‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni , kalahappavaḍḍhanī, rogānaṃ āyatanaṃ, akittisañjananī, kopīnanidaṃsanī , paññāya dubbalikaraṇītveva chaṭṭhaṃ padaṃ bhavati. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.
「居士之子，耽溺饮酒放逸处有六种过患：现世财产损耗，增长诤讼，成为众病之处，产生恶名，暴露阴私，第六便是使智慧衰弱。居士之子，这是耽溺饮酒放逸处的六种过患。
Vikālacariyāya cha ādīnavā非时游行的六种过患
§249
‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge. Attāpissa agutto arakkhito hoti, puttadāropissa agutto arakkhito hoti, sāpateyyaṃpissa aguttaṃ arakkhitaṃ hoti, saṅkiyo ca hoti pāpakesu ṭhānesu , abhūtavacanañca tasmiṃ rūhati, bahūnañca dukkhadhammānaṃ purakkhato hoti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.
「居士之子，非时游荡街道有六种过患：自身无守护无保护，妻儿无守护无保护，财产无守护无保护，于诸恶处被怀疑，对他发生的不实之语加之于己，且有许多苦法随之而来。居士之子，这是非时游荡街道的六种过患。
Samajjābhicaraṇassa cha ādīnavā常赴集会的六种过患
§250
‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe. Kva naccaṃ, kva gītaṃ, kva vāditaṃ, kva akkhānaṃ, kva pāṇissaraṃ, kva kumbhathunanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe.
「居士之子，常赴嬉戏娱乐之处有六种过患：何处有舞、何处有歌、何处有乐、何处有说书、何处有手铃、何处有鼓乐，他就前往何处。居士之子，这是常赴嬉戏娱乐的六种过患。
Jūtappamādassa cha ādīnavā赌博放逸的六种过患
§251
‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Jayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, jino vittamanusocati, sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, sabhāgatassa vacanaṃ na rūhati, mittāmaccānaṃ paribhūto hoti, āvāhavivāhakānaṃ apatthito hoti – ‘akkhadhutto ayaṃ purisapuggalo nālaṃ dārabharaṇāyā’ti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.
「居士之子，耽溺赌博放逸处有六种过患：胜者结怨，败者忧失财，现世财产损耗，于法庭中言语无力，朋友同事轻蔑，为嫁娶者所不取——『此人是赌徒，不堪养妻』。居士之子，这是耽溺赌博放逸处的六种过患。
Pāpamittatāya cha ādīnavā恶友的六种过患
§252
‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge. Ye dhuttā, ye soṇḍā, ye pipāsā, ye nekatikā, ye vañcanikā, ye sāhasikā. Tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge.
「居士之子，亲近恶友有六种过患：凡是赌徒、酒鬼、贪嗜者、诈欺者、骗子、凶暴者，都成为他的朋友与同伴。居士之子，这是亲近恶友的六种过患。
Ālasyassa cha ādīnavā懒惰的六种过患
§253
‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge. Atisītanti kammaṃ na karoti, atiuṇhanti kammaṃ na karoti, atisāyanti kammaṃ na karoti, atipātoti kammaṃ na karoti, atichātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti, atidhātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti. Tassa evaṃ kiccāpadesabahulassa viharato anuppannā ceva bhogā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca bhogā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
「居士之子，耽于懒惰有六种过患：『太冷』而不作事，『太热』而不作事，『太晚』而不作事，『太早』而不作事，『我太饿』而不作事，『我太饱』而不作事。如此，他以种种借口推托而住，未生起之财不得生起，已生起之财归于消耗。居士之子，这是耽于懒惰的六种过患。」世尊这样说。善逝如此说已，导师又说此偈——
‘‘Hoti pānasakhā nāma,
「所谓酒肉朋友，
Hoti sammiyasammiyo;
你好我好之辈；
Yo ca atthesu jātesu,
若有事情发生时，
Sahāyo hoti so sakhā.
能作伴者才是友。
‘‘Ussūraseyyā paradārasevanā,
「睡懒觉、近他人之妻，
Verappasavo ca anatthatā ca;
好结怨、无义利，
Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,
结交恶友、过于悭吝，
Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.
此六处使人堕落。
‘‘Pāpamitto pāpasakho,
「恶友、恶伴侣，
Pāpaācāragocaro;
行恶行、住恶处；
Asmā lokā paramhā ca,
此世与他世，
Ubhayā dhaṃsate naro.
二者皆令人堕落。
‘‘Akkhitthiyo vāruṇī naccagītaṃ,
「掷骰、饮酒、歌舞，
Divā soppaṃ pāricariyā akāle;
非时昼寝、游荡；
Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,
结交恶友、过于悭吝，
Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.
此六处使人堕落。
‘‘Akkhehi dibbanti suraṃ pivanti,
「投骰掷彩、饮酒浆，
Yantitthiyo pāṇasamā paresaṃ;
追逐他人宝爱之妻；
Nihīnasevī na ca vuddhasevī ,
亲近下劣不近贤德者，
Nihīyate kāḷapakkheva cando.
如黑分月般衰损。
‘‘Yo vāruṇī addhano akiñcano,
「若嗜酒而贫穷困乏，
Pipāso pivaṃ papāgato ;
渴而入酒肆狂饮；
Udakamiva iṇaṃ vigāhati,
如负债沉于水中，
Akulaṃ kāhiti khippamattano.
迅即毁其家庭。
‘‘Na divā soppasīlena, rattimuṭṭhānadessinā ;
「昼间睡眠、夜间厌起，
Niccaṃ mattena soṇḍena, sakkā āvasituṃ gharaṃ.
常醉酒而放逸，此等人不能持家。
‘‘Atisītaṃ atiuṇhaṃ, atisāyamidaṃ ahu;
「『太冷、太热、太晚了』，
Iti vissaṭṭhakammante, atthā accenti māṇave.
如此推托不作事，利益便从年轻人处溜走。
‘‘Yodha sītañca uṇhañca, tiṇā bhiyyo na maññati;
「若于此世不将冷热看得比草还重，
Karaṃ purisakiccāni, so sukhaṃ na vihāyatī’’ti.
善作男子之职，彼便不失其乐。」
Mittapatirūpakā似友者
§254
‘‘Cattārome, gahapatiputta, amittā mittapatirūpakā veditabbā. Aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
「屋主子,应知这四种外现如朋友的敌人。应知取异施者是外现如朋友的敌人,应知唯言语者是外现如朋友的敌人,应知说顺意语者是外现如朋友的敌人,应知恶处伴侣者是外现如朋友的敌人。
§255
‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
「居士之子，由四处应了知无论什么东西都取走的人为似友之非友：唯求索取，少施多欲；因畏惧而作事，为利益而亲近。
‘‘Aññadatthuharo hoti, appena bahumicchati ;
「唯求索取，少施多欲；
Bhayassa kiccaṃ karoti, sevati atthakāraṇā.
因畏惧而作事，为利益而亲近。
‘‘Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
「居士之子，由此四处应了知唯求得者为似友之非友。
§256
‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Atītena paṭisantharati , anāgatena paṭisantharati, niratthakena saṅgaṇhāti, paccuppannesu kiccesu byasanaṃ dasseti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
「居士之子，由四处应了知言语胜者为似友之非友：以过去之事应酬，以未来之事应酬，以无意义之语示好，现前有事时则表无能。居士之子，由此四处应了知言语胜者为似友之非友。
§257
‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Pāpakaṃpissa anujānāti, kalyāṇaṃpissa anujānāti, sammukhāssa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, parammukhāssa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
「居士子,以四种情况应知阿谀者作朋友相。他同意恶的,他同意善的,在面前说好话,在背后说坏话。居士子,以这四种情况应知阿谀者作朋友相。
§258
‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo . Surāmeraya majjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti, vikāla visikhā cariyānuyoge sahāyo hoti, samajjābhicaraṇe sahāyo hoti, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo’’ti.
「居士之子，由四处应了知损财之伴为似友之非友：同作耽溺饮酒放逸之伴，同作非时游荡街道之伴，同作赴嬉戏娱乐之伴，同作赌博放逸之伴。居士之子，由此四处应了知损财之伴为似友之非友。」
§259
Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
世尊这样说。善逝如此说已，导师又说此偈——
‘‘Aññadatthuharo mitto, yo ca mitto vacīparo ;
「唯求得之友，言辞胜之友，
Anuppiyañca yo āha, apāyesu ca yo sakhā.
谄媚奉承者，同堕损财者。
Ete amitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;
此四非友，智者了知后；
Ārakā parivajjeyya, maggaṃ paṭibhayaṃ yathā’’ti.
应远远避之，如避险恶道。
Suhadamitto善友
§260
‘‘Cattārome , gahapatiputta, mittā suhadā veditabbā. Upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo, samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo, atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo, anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.
「居士之子，应了知这四种善心之友：利益之友是善心之友，同苦同乐之友是善心之友，告知利益之友是善心之友，同情之友是善心之友。
§261
‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo. Pamattaṃ rakkhati, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhati, bhītassa saraṇaṃ hoti, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu taddiguṇaṃ bhogaṃ anuppadeti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.
「居士之子，由四处应了知利益之友为善心之友：守护放逸者，守护放逸者之财物，使怖畏者有所依怙，事务发生时给予双倍财物相助。居士之子，由此四处应了知利益之友为善心之友。
§262
‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo. Guyhamassa ācikkhati, guyhamassa parigūhati, āpadāsu na vijahati, jīvitaṃpissa atthāya pariccattaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.
「居士之子，由四处应了知同苦同乐之友为善心之友：告以己密，护其所密，患难不舍，为之能舍弃生命。居士之子，由此四处应了知同苦同乐之友为善心之友。
§263
‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo. Pāpā nivāreti, kalyāṇe niveseti, assutaṃ sāveti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.
「居士之子，由四处应了知告知利益之友为善心之友：遮止恶行，导入善行，令闻未闻，指示生天之道。居士之子，由此四处应了知告知利益之友为善心之友。
§264
‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo. Abhavenassa na nandati, bhavenassa nandati, avaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ nivāreti, vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ pasaṃsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo’’ti.
「居士之子，由四处应了知同情之友为善心之友：不因其衰而喜，却因其荣而悦；遮止毁谤者之言，赞叹称扬者之语。居士之子，由此四处应了知同情之友为善心之友。」
§265
Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
世尊这样说。善逝如此说已，导师又说此偈——
‘‘Upakāro ca yo mitto, sukhe dukkhe ca yo sakhā ;
「利益之友与同苦乐之伴，
Atthakkhāyī ca yo mitto, yo ca mittānukampako.
告知利益者与同情之友。
‘‘Etepi mitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;
「此四友，智者了知后；
Sakkaccaṃ payirupāseyya, mātā puttaṃ va orasaṃ;
恭敬亲近之，如母对亲子；
Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, jalaṃ aggīva bhāsati.
智者具戒者，如火炎光明。
‘‘Bhoge saṃharamānassa, bhamarasseva irīyato;
「积聚财物者，如蜜蜂之所行；
Bhogā sannicayaṃ yanti, vammikovupacīyati.
财物渐聚集，如蚁垤增长。
‘‘Evaṃ bhoge samāhatvā , alamatto kule gihī;
「如是积财已，在家者足以；
Catudhā vibhaje bhoge, sa ve mittāni ganthati.
应分财为四，方能结交友。
‘‘Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya, dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye;
「一分受用财，二分经营业；
Catutthañca nidhāpeyya, āpadāsu bhavissatī’’ti.
第四应储存，急难时可用。」
Chaddisāpaṭicchādanakaṇḍaṃ六方守护篇
§266
‘‘Kathañca, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako chaddisāpaṭicchādī hoti? Cha imā, gahapatiputta, disā veditabbā. Puratthimā disā mātāpitaro veditabbā, dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā veditabbā, pacchimā disā puttadārā veditabbā, uttarā disā mittāmaccā veditabbā, heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā veditabbā, uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā veditabbā.
「居士之子，圣弟子如何成为覆护六方者？居士之子，应了知这六方：东方应了知为父母，南方应了知为师长，西方应了知为妻子，北方应了知为朋友同僚，下方应了知为仆人雇工，上方应了知为沙门婆罗门。
§267
‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhātabbā – bhato ne bharissāmi, kiccaṃ nesaṃ karissāmi, kulavaṃsaṃ ṭhapessāmi, dāyajjaṃ paṭipajjāmi, atha vā pana petānaṃ kālaṅkatānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ anuppadassāmīti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, sippaṃ sikkhāpenti, patirūpena dārena saṃyojenti, samaye dāyajjaṃ niyyādenti . Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā puratthimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
「家主之子,以五处,儿子应奉事东方的父母:『他们养育了我,我将奉养他们;我将为他们作应作之事;我将维持家族血统;我将继承遗产;又或者,当父母逝世时,我将布施供养。』家主之子,以此五处,儿子奉事东方的父母,父母以五处怜悯儿子:阻止他行恶,使他安立于善,教授他技艺,以合适的妻子为他结婚,在适当的时候移交遗产给他。家主之子,以此五处,儿子奉事东方的父母,父母以此五处怜悯儿子。如此,他的此东方便受到保护,安稳、无畏惧。
§268
‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – uṭṭhānena upaṭṭhānena sussusāya pāricariyāya sakkaccaṃ sippapaṭiggahaṇena . Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti – suvinītaṃ vinenti, suggahitaṃ gāhāpenti, sabbasippassutaṃ samakkhāyino bhavanti, mittāmaccesu paṭiyādenti , disāsu parittāṇaṃ karonti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā dakkhiṇā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
「居士子,学生应当以五个理由善待作为南方的老师——以起立、以侍奉、以乐意听闻、以服侍、以恭敬领受技艺。居士子,学生以这五个理由善待作为南方的老师,老师以五个理由怜悯学生——令其善学,令其善受,使其成为一切技艺知识的传承者,在朋友同僚中赞扬他,在各方为他提供保护。居士子,学生以这五个理由善待作为南方的老师,老师以这五个理由怜悯学生。如此,他的南方便被覆护,安稳无畏。
§269
‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – sammānanāya anavamānanāya anaticariyāya issariyavossaggena alaṅkārānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati – susaṃvihitakammantā ca hoti, saṅgahitaparijanā ca, anaticārinī ca, sambhatañca anurakkhati, dakkhā ca hoti analasā sabbakiccesu. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati. Evamassa esā pacchimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
「居士子,以五种理由,丈夫应当侍奉西方的妻子——以尊敬、不轻蔑、不背叛、交出权力、供给装饰品。居士子,丈夫以这五种理由侍奉西方的妻子,妻子以五种理由怜愍丈夫——她善加安排工作、善待眷属、不背叛、守护聚集之物、在一切事务上灵巧不懈怠。居士子,丈夫以这五种理由侍奉西方的妻子,妻子以这五种理由怜愍丈夫。如此,他的这西方已被覆护,安稳无怖畏。
§270
‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – dānena peyyavajjena atthacariyāya samānattatāya avisaṃvādanatāya. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti – pamattaṃ rakkhanti, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhanti, bhītassa saraṇaṃ honti, āpadāsu na vijahanti, aparapajā cassa paṭipūjenti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uttarā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
「居士之子，善男子应以五处承事北方之朋友同僚：布施、爱语、利行、同事、诚信。居士之子，被善男子以此五处承事之北方朋友同僚，亦以五处慈念善男子：守护其放逸，守护其放逸时之财物，使怖畏者有所依怙，患难不舍，敬重其后代。居士之子，被善男子以此五处承事之北方朋友同僚，以此五处慈念善男子。如是，此北方得到覆护，安稳无怖畏。
§271
‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – yathābalaṃ kammantasaṃvidhānena bhattavetanānuppadānena gilānupaṭṭhānena acchariyānaṃ rasānaṃ saṃvibhāgena samaye vossaggena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti – pubbuṭṭhāyino ca honti, pacchā nipātino ca, dinnādāyino ca, sukatakammakarā ca, kittivaṇṇaharā ca. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā heṭṭhimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
「屋主子啊,主人应以五事照顾下方的奴仆与工人:按其能力安排工作、给予饮食和薪资、照顾疾病、分享特别美味的食物、适时给予假期。屋主子啊,主人以这五事照顾下方的奴仆与工人后,奴仆与工人以五事怜愍主人:他们早起、晚睡、只取所给予的、善于完成工作、传播赞誉。屋主子啊,主人以这五事照顾下方的奴仆与工人后,奴仆与工人以这五事怜愍主人。如此,他的这个下方就被遮护了,安稳、无怖畏。」
§272
‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – mettena kāyakammena mettena vacīkammena mettena manokammena anāvaṭadvāratāya āmisānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti – pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti, assutaṃ sāventi, sutaṃ pariyodāpenti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhanti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uparimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā’’ti.
「居士之子，善男子应以五处承事上方之沙门婆罗门：慈身业、慈语业、慈意业、开门欢迎、供养资具。居士之子，被善男子以此五处承事之上方沙门婆罗门，亦以六处慈念善男子：遮止恶行，令立善处，以善心慈念，令闻未闻，令已闻清净，指示生天之道。居士之子，被善男子以此五处承事之上方沙门婆罗门，以此六处慈念善男子。如是，此上方得到覆护，安稳无怖畏。」
§273
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
世尊这样说。善逝如此说已，导师又说此偈——
‘‘Mātāpitā disā pubbā, ācariyā dakkhiṇā disā;
「父母为东方，师长为南方；
Puttadārā disā pacchā, mittāmaccā ca uttarā.
妻子为西方，朋友同僚为北方。
‘‘Dāsakammakarā heṭṭhā, uddhaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇā;
「仆人雇工为下方，沙门婆罗门为上方；
Etā disā namasseyya, alamatto kule gihī.
应礼拜此诸方，在家者方为具足。
‘‘Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, saṇho ca paṭibhānavā;
「智者具戒者，温和而善辩；
Nivātavutti atthaddho, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
谦虚不骄慢，如是得名誉。
‘‘Uṭṭhānako analaso, āpadāsu na vedhati;
「精勤不懒惰，患难不动摇；
Acchinnavutti medhāvī, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
行为不中断，有智者得名誉。
‘‘Saṅgāhako mittakaro, vadaññū vītamaccharo;
「摄受结友者，心胸开朗不悭吝；
Netā vinetā anunetā, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
能导、能教、能劝化，如是得名誉。
‘‘Dānañca peyyavajjañca, atthacariyā ca yā idha;
「布施与爱语，利行于此世；
Samānattatā ca dhammesu, tattha tattha yathārahaṃ;
及依法之同事，随宜处处施；
Ete kho saṅgahā loke, rathassāṇīva yāyato.
此等为世间之摄持，如车之轮辖。
‘‘Ete ca saṅgahā nāssu, na mātā puttakāraṇā;
「若无此等摄持，母不因子故；
Labhetha mānaṃ pūjaṃ vā, pitā vā puttakāraṇā.
得尊敬供养，父亦不因子故。
‘‘Yasmā ca saṅgahā ete, sammapekkhanti paṇḍitā;
「因智者善观察此等摄持，
Tasmā mahattaṃ papponti, pāsaṃsā ca bhavanti te’’ti.
故得大成就，亦为人赞叹。」
§274
Evaṃ vutte, siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti. Evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṃghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu, ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
如是所说已，辛额勒格居士之子对世尊说：「奇哉，尊者！奇哉，尊者！尊者，犹如倒者令起，覆者令显，为迷者指路，于黑暗中持灯，『使有眼者得见诸色』。如是，世尊以种种方便阐明了法。尊者，我今皈依世尊、法及比库僧。愿世尊摄受我为近事男，从今日起乃至命终，我皈依三宝。」
Siṅgālasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ. · 尸伽罗经完 第八