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8. Mahāsīhanādasuttaṃ · 8. 大狮子吼经

54 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
8. Mahāsīhanādasuttaṃ8. 大狮子吼经
Acelakassapavatthu裸行者咖沙巴事
§381
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruññāyaṃ viharati kaṇṇakatthale migadāye. Atha kho acelo kassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bho gotama – ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosati upavadatī’ti. Ye te, bho gotama, evamāhaṃsu – ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosati upavadatī’ti, kacci te bhoto gotamassa vuttavādino, na ca bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati? Anabbhakkhātukāmā hi mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotama’’nti.
如是我闻:一时,世尊住在乌伦雅咖那咖塔拉的鹿野苑。于是,裸形者咖沙巴前往世尊处;前往后,与世尊互相问候。交换了友好的寒暄之语后,站在一旁。站在一旁的裸形者咖沙巴对世尊如此说:「我曾听闻:『沙门果德玛呵责一切苦行,对一切苦行者、过粗陋生活者一向责难、毁斥。』尊者果德玛,那些说:『沙门果德玛呵责一切苦行,对一切苦行者、过粗陋生活者一向责难、毁斥』者,他们所说是否为尊者果德玛所说?他们是否以非事诽谤尊者果德玛?他们是否如法分别论法?是否如法随说而无所呵责之处?我等不欲以非事诽谤尊者果德玛。」
§382
‘‘Ye te, kassapa, evamāhaṃsu – ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosati upavadatī’ti, na me te vuttavādino, abbhācikkhanti ca pana maṃ te asatā abhūtena. Idhāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannaṃ. Idha panāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannaṃ.
「咖沙巴,那些如是说——『沙门果德玛诽谤一切苦行,无余地责难、诃斥一切修苦行、粗衣粗食的人』的人,他们不是说我所说的,他们以非真实、非事实诽谤我。咖沙巴,在此,我以清净、超越人的天眼看见某个修苦行、粗衣粗食的人,身坏命终后生到苦处、恶趣、险处、地狱。咖沙巴,而在此,我以清净、超越人的天眼看见某个修苦行、粗衣粗食的人,身坏命终后生到善趣、天界。
§383
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ appadukkhavihāriṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannaṃ. Idha panāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ appadukkhavihāriṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannaṃ. Yohaṃ, kassapa, imesaṃ tapassīnaṃ evaṃ āgatiñca gatiñca cutiñca upapattiñca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāmi , sohaṃ kiṃ sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahissāmi, sabbaṃ vā tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosissāmi upavadissāmi?
「咖沙巴,于此,我以清净、超越常人的天眼见到某苦行者——过不多苦之生活——于身坏命终后生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。咖沙巴,于此,我以清净、超越常人的天眼见到某苦行者——过极苦之生活——于身坏命终后生于善趣、天界。咖沙巴,于此,我以清净、超越常人的天眼见到某苦行者——过少苦之生活——于身坏命终后生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。咖沙巴,于此,我以清净、超越常人的天眼见到某苦行者——过少苦之生活——于身坏命终后生于善趣、天界。咖沙巴,我如实知此等苦行者之来处、去处、死、生,怎会呵责一切苦行,对一切苦行者、过粗陋生活者一向责难、毁斥呢?
§384
‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā paṇḍitā nipuṇā kataparappavādā vālavedhirūpā. Te bhindantā maññe caranti paññāgatena diṭṭhigatāni. Tehipi me saddhiṃ ekaccesu ṭhānesu sameti, ekaccesu ṭhānesu na sameti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti, mayampi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti, mayampi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti, mayaṃ taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti, mayaṃ taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti.
「咖沙巴,有一些沙门婆罗门,贤智、机敏、精于他论、如毛裂者。他们以慧所得,我认为行破坏见之旅。对他们,在某些处我同意,在某些处我不同意。他们某些说『善』,我们也某些说『善』。他们某些说『不善』,我们也某些说『不善』。他们某些说『善』,我们某些说『不善』。他们某些说『不善』,我们某些说『善』。
‘‘Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti, parepi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti. Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti, parepi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti. Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti, pare taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti. Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti, pare taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti.
「我们说某事是『善』,他人亦说某事是『善』。我们说某事是『非善』,他人亦说某事是『非善』。我们说某事是『善』,他人说某事是『非善』。我们说某事是『非善』,他人说某事是『善』。我们说某事是『善』,他人说某事是『善』。我们说某事是『非善』,他人说某事是『非善』。
Samanuyuñjāpanakathā随问论
§385
‘‘Tyāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadāmi – yesu no, āvuso, ṭhānesu na sameti, tiṭṭhantu tāni ṭhānāni. Yesu ṭhānesu sameti, tattha viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā, na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, samaṇo vā gotamo, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyā’ti?
「我前往他们那里后这样说:『贤友们,我们不同意的那些处,那些处就搁置一旁。我们同意的那些处,在那里,智者们对导师或对僧团询问、追问、讨论导师或僧团:「这些法是不善、被称为不善,是有罪、被称为有罪,是不应亲近、被称为不应亲近,是不适合圣者、被称为不适合圣者,是黑暗、被称为黑暗。谁完全舍断这些法后行动,是沙门果德玛,还是其他诸位尊者们呢?」
§386
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā, na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā . Samaṇo gotamo ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
「然而,咖沙巴,这是可能的:有智者追问、探究、议论,可能会这样说:『这些尊者的法是不善的,被算作不善的;是有罪过的,被算作有罪过的;是不应行的,被算作不应行的;不适合圣者的,被算作不适合圣者的;是黑的,被算作黑的。沙门果德玛行于无余舍断这些法,或者其他诸师尊也一样。』如是,咖沙巴,有智者追问、探究、议论,在那里多半会赞叹我们。
§387
‘‘Aparampi no, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, samaṇo vā gotamo, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyā’ ti?
「复次,咖沙巴,智者诘问、追问、比较时可能对导师与导师、僧团与僧团如此说:『这些尊者法中善、称为善、无呵责、应受持、圣、白分——谁究竟无余受持此善、称为善、无呵责、应受持、圣、白分之法呢?是沙门果德玛,还是其他众多贤者导师?』
§388
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Samaṇo gotamo ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
「然而,咖沙巴,这是可能的:有智者追问、追究、追查时,可能会这样说:『这些善、被称为善,无过、被称为无过,应亲近、被称为应亲近,适合圣者、被称为适合圣者,白净、被称为白净的法,沙门果德玛无余地受持而行,或者其他尊者的师团首领也是如此。』这样,咖沙巴,有智者追问、追究、追查时,正是会在此处大多称赞我们。
§389
‘‘Aparampi no, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā , na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, gotamasāvakasaṅgho vā, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti?
「复次,咖沙巴,智者诘问、追问、比较时可能对导师与导师、僧团与僧团如此说:『这些尊者法中不善、称为不善、有呵责、应弃舍、不圣、黑分——谁究竟无余断此不善、称为不善、有呵责、应弃舍、不圣、黑分之法呢?是果德玛之弟子僧团,还是其他众多贤者之弟子僧团?』
§390
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā, na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā. Gotamasāvakasaṅgho ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
然而,咖沙巴,这是可能的:有智者反复询问、反复深究、反复讨论后,会如此说:'这些法是不善、被称为不善的,有过失、被称为有过失的,不应亲近、被称为不应亲近的,不适合圣者、被称为不适合圣者的,黑暗、被称为黑暗的。果德玛弟子僧团无余断除这些法而行,或者说尊者们其他教派导师的弟子僧团亦然。'如是,咖沙巴,有智者反复询问、反复深究、反复讨论后,在此处会多数称赞我们。
§391
‘‘Aparampi no, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ. ‘Ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, gotamasāvakasaṅgho vā, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti?
「复次,咖沙巴,智者诘问、追问、比较时可能对导师与导师、僧团与僧团如此说:『这些尊者法中善、称为善、无呵责、应受持、圣、白分——谁究竟无余受持此善、称为善、无呵责、应受持、圣、白分之法呢?是果德玛之弟子僧团,还是其他众多贤者之弟子僧团?』
§392
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Gotamasāvakasaṅgho ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
「然而,咖沙巴,这是可能的:有智者在详细询问、详细查究、详细谈论之后这样说——『那些被这些尊者说为善法的法,被说为善,被说为无罪的法,被说为无罪,被说为应亲近的法,被说为应亲近,被说为适合圣者的法,被说为适合圣者,被说为净的法,被说为净。果德玛弟子僧团无余地受持这些法而行,或者其他诸外道师的弟子僧团(受持)。』如是,咖沙巴,有智者在详细询问、详细查究、详细谈论之后,在此只会多数称赞我们。
Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo圣八支道
§393
‘‘Atthi, kassapa, maggo atthi paṭipadā, yathāpaṭipanno sāmaṃyeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhati – ‘samaṇova gotamo kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī’ti. Katamo ca, kassapa, maggo, katamā ca paṭipadā, yathāpaṭipanno sāmaṃyeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhati – ‘samaṇova gotamo kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī’ti? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, maggo, ayaṃ paṭipadā, yathāpaṭipanno sāmaṃyeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhati ‘samaṇova gotamo kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī’’’ti.
「咖沙巴,有道、有行道,依之行道者自知自见:『沙门果德玛是适时说者、如实说者、有义说者、如法说者、如律说者。』咖沙巴,什么是道、什么是行道,依之行道者自知自见:『沙门果德玛是适时说者、如实说者、有义说者、如法说者、如律说者』呢?即此圣八支道,即:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。咖沙巴,此即是道、此即是行道,依之行道者自知自见:『沙门果德玛是适时说者、如实说者、有义说者、如法说者、如律说者。』
Tapopakkamakathā苦行精勤论
§394
Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘imepi kho, āvuso gotama, tapopakkamā etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sāmaññasaṅkhātā ca brahmaññasaṅkhātā ca. Acelako hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano, na ehibhaddantiko, na tiṭṭhabhaddantiko, nābhihaṭaṃ, na uddissakataṃ, na nimantanaṃ sādiyati. So na kumbhimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na kaḷopimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na eḷakamantaraṃ, na daṇḍamantaraṃ, na musalamantaraṃ, na dvinnaṃ bhuñjamānānaṃ, na gabbhiniyā, na pāyamānāya, na purisantaragatāya, na saṅkittīsu, na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti, na yattha makkhikā saṇḍasaṇḍacārinī, na macchaṃ, na maṃsaṃ, na suraṃ, na merayaṃ, na thusodakaṃ pivati. So ekāgāriko vā hoti ekālopiko, dvāgāriko vā hoti dvālopiko…pe… sattāgāriko vā hoti sattālopiko ; ekissāpi dattiyā yāpeti, dvīhipi dattīhi yāpeti… sattahipi dattīhi yāpeti; ekāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti, dvīhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti… sattāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti. Iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati.
如是说已,裸形者咖沙巴对世尊如此说:「贤友果德玛,此等苦行者之苦行法在一些沙门、婆罗门看来即是沙门性、婆罗门性:他是裸形者,抛弃一切礼仪,舔手而食,不应邀,不停步接受,不受特制食物,不受指定食物,不接受来自钵口的食物,不从锅中、门槛内、杵臼间、两人同食中、从怀孕妇女、哺乳妇女、与男人在一起的妇女、食物宣告处、有狗守候处、蝇群聚集处、鱼肉、酒、米酒、醋酒之食物。他是一户一食者,或二户二食者……乃至七户七食者。他以一小碗度日,或二小碗……乃至七小碗度日。他每日一食、二日一食……乃至七日一食……半月一食——如此住于定时进食之行。」
§395
‘‘Imepi kho, āvuso gotama, tapopakkamā etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sāmaññasaṅkhātā ca brahmaññasaṅkhātā ca. Sākabhakkho vā hoti, sāmākabhakkho vā hoti, nīvārabhakkho vā hoti, daddulabhakkho vā hoti, haṭabhakkho vā hoti, kaṇabhakkho vā hoti, ācāmabhakkho vā hoti, piññākabhakkho vā hoti, tiṇabhakkho vā hoti, gomayabhakkho vā hoti, vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī.
「贤友果德玛,此等苦行者之苦行法在一些沙门、婆罗门看来即是沙门性、婆罗门性:彼是菜食者、稷米食者、野米食者、碎皮食者、苔食者、米糠食者、饭糊食者、胡麻粉食者、草食者、牛粪食者;以林中树根、果实为食,以落果为食。」
§396
‘‘Imepi kho, āvuso gotama, tapopakkamā etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sāmaññasaṅkhātā ca brahmaññasaṅkhātā ca. Sāṇānipi dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti, chavadussānipi dhāreti, paṃsukūlānipi dhāreti, tirīṭānipi dhāreti, ajinampi dhāreti, ajinakkhipampi dhāreti, kusacīrampi dhāreti, vākacīrampi dhāreti, phalakacīrampi dhāreti, kesakambalampi dhāreti, vāḷakambalampi dhāreti, ulūkapakkhikampi dhāreti, kesamassulocakopi hoti kesamassulocanānuyogamanuyutto, ubbhaṭṭhakopi hoti āsanapaṭikkhitto, ukkuṭikopi hoti ukkuṭikappadhānamanuyutto, kaṇṭakāpassayikopi hoti kaṇṭakāpassaye seyyaṃ kappeti, phalakaseyyampi kappeti, thaṇḍilaseyyampi kappeti, ekapassayikopi hoti rajojalladharo, abbhokāsikopi hoti yathāsanthatiko , vekaṭikopi hoti vikaṭabhojanānuyogamanuyutto, apānakopi hoti apānakattamanuyutto, sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharatī’’ti.
「贤友果德玛,此等苦行者之苦行法在一些沙门、婆罗门看来即是沙门性、婆罗门性:他穿麻衣、混纺麻衣、尸衣、粗布衣、树皮衣、羚羊皮衣、羚羊皮条衣、草衣、树皮衣、木片衣、人发编衣、兽毛衣、猫头鹰羽毛衣;他是拔须发者——常行拔须发之业,或常立不坐者,或蹲踞行者——常行蹲踞之业,或以棘为床者——以棘为床而卧,或以木板为床而卧,或以地为床而卧,或常卧一侧,或着尘垢者,或常住露地者,或随处坐者,或食秽者——常行食秽之业,或不饮者——常行不饮之业,或傍晚第三次沐浴者——常行水浴之业。」
Tapopakkamaniratthakathā苦行精勤无义论
§397
‘‘Acelako cepi, kassapa, hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Tassa cāyaṃ sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā abhāvitā hoti asacchikatā. Atha kho so ārakāva sāmaññā ārakāva brahmaññā. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
「咖沙巴,即使是裸形者,抛弃一切礼仪,舔手而食……乃至……如此住于半月一次定时进食之行。而他的戒成就、心成就、慧成就未被修习、未被证悟。他距沙门性、婆罗门性甚远。咖沙巴,当比库修习无嗔恨、无害之慈心解脱,因诸漏尽,于现法中自证、亲证、具足无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住,咖沙巴,此比库即被称为『沙门』,即被称为『婆罗门』。
‘‘Sākabhakkho cepi, kassapa, hoti, sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. Tassa cāyaṃ sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā abhāvitā hoti asacchikatā. Atha kho so ārakāva sāmaññā ārakāva brahmaññā. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
咖沙巴,即使食用蔬菜,食用稗子、食用未煮过的米、食用垃圾、食用红藻、食用谷粉、食用牛粪、以林中块根与果实维生、食落果者。若彼具戒圆满、心圆满、慧圆满未修习、未作证,则彼远离沙门性,远离梵行性。然而,咖沙巴,当比库修习无怨、无害、慈心,并以诸漏尽故,于现法自己以证智作证、具足住于无漏心解脱、慧解脱,咖沙巴,此被称为比库是沙门,也是婆罗门。
‘‘Sāṇāni cepi, kassapa, dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Tassa cāyaṃ sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā abhāvitā hoti asacchikatā. Atha kho so ārakāva sāmaññā ārakāva brahmaññā . Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipī’’ti.
「咖沙巴,即使他穿麻衣、混纺麻衣……乃至……住于半月一次定时水浴之行。而他的戒成就、心成就、慧成就未被修习、未被证悟。他距沙门性、婆罗门性甚远。咖沙巴,当比库……乃至……具足无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住时,此比库即被称为『沙门』,即被称为『婆罗门』。
§398
Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dukkaraṃ, bho gotama, sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’’nti. ‘‘Pakati kho esā, kassapa, lokasmiṃ ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Acelako cepi, kassapa, hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā abhavissa brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti.
如是所说时,裸行者咖沙巴对世尊这么说:「果德玛先生,沙门难行,梵行难行。」「咖沙巴,这是世间的通俗说法:『沙门难行,梵行难行。』咖沙巴,即使是裸行者,以手舔食,即使是如此这般从事半月一次按次第受食的修行。然而,咖沙巴,仅以此量、以此苦行,沙门或梵行成为难行、极难行,则这不应被说:『沙门难行,梵行难行。』
‘‘Sakkā ca panetaṃ abhavissa kātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘handāhaṃ acelako homi, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharāmī’ti.
「咖沙巴,居士或居士子乃至婢女亦能做此苦行法——『让我作裸形者,抛弃一切礼仪,舔手而食……乃至……如此住于半月一次定时进食之行。』而这些却是沙门性、婆罗门性——那就不该说:『沙门难作,婆罗门难作。』
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā hoti brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi .
「咖沙巴,又因为除此量之外、除此苦行之外,沙门性或婆罗门性难行、极难行,因此适宜说:『沙门性难行,婆罗门性难行。』咖沙巴,当比库修习无怨、无害、慈心,并且以诸漏之尽,在此生中以自己之证智作证无漏之心解脱、慧解脱后而住。咖沙巴,此被称为:比库即沙门也,即婆罗门也。」
‘‘Sākabhakkho cepi, kassapa, hoti, sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā abhavissa brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti.
「咖沙巴,即使是菜食者、稷米食者……乃至……以落果为食。而以此量度、以此苦行法而沙门性或婆罗门性存在,那就不该说:『沙门难作,婆罗门难作。』
‘‘Sakkā ca panetaṃ abhavissa kātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘handāhaṃ sākabhakkho vā homi, sāmākabhakkho vā…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpemi pavattaphalabhojī’ti.
「咖沙巴,居士或居士子乃至婢女亦能做此苦行法——『让我作菜食者、稷米食者……乃至……以落果为食。』
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā hoti brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
「又,咖沙巴,由于除此量外、除此苦行实践外有沙门性或婆罗门性,难作、极难作,因此这适合说:『难作的沙门性,难作的婆罗门性。』咖沙巴,当比库修习无怨、无害、慈心,以诸漏尽,于现法中自己以证智实证、成就无漏的心解脱、慧解脱后安住。咖沙巴,此被称为比库是沙门,也是婆罗门。
‘‘Sāṇāni cepi, kassapa, dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā abhavissa brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti.
「咖沙巴,即使穿粗麻衣,即使穿毛发衣……即使穿树皮衣,即使穿羚羊皮衣,即使穿羚羊皮条衣,即使穿古萨草衣,即使穿树皮衣,即使穿木片衣,即使穿人发编织衣,即使穿马尾毛衣,即使穿猫头鹰翅膀衣,即使为拔须发者、从事拔须发行者,即使为常立者、拒绝座位者,即使为蹲坐者、从事蹲坐精勤者,即使为卧刺者、以刺床为卧具者,即使为卧木板者、以木板为卧具者,即使为一面卧者、从事一面卧者,即使为尘垢者、以尘垢庄严其身者,即使为露宿者、以任何地方为住处者,即使为任何食物者、从事任何给予食物者,即使专心于一日三浴水行。咖沙巴,若以此量、以此苦行修持,沙门性或婆罗门性是难作的、极难作的,这不适合说:'沙门性是难作的,婆罗门性是难作的。'
‘‘Sakkā ca panetaṃ abhavissa kātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘handāhaṃ sāṇānipi dhāremi, masāṇānipi dhāremi…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharāmī’ti.
「咖沙巴,居士或居士子乃至婢女亦能做此苦行法——『让我穿麻衣……乃至……住于半月一次定时水浴之行。』
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā hoti brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipī’’ti.
「咖沙巴,因为除了这样的量之外,除了这样的苦行之外,沙门性或婆罗门性是难作、极难作,因此适合说:『难作的沙门性,难作的婆罗门性。』咖沙巴,当比库修习无怨、无恚、慈心,并且以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证后,证入、住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。咖沙巴,这被称为比库是沙门,也被称为婆罗门。」
§399
Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dujjāno, bho gotama, samaṇo, dujjāno brāhmaṇo’’ti. ‘‘Pakati kho esā, kassapa, lokasmiṃ ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Acelako cepi, kassapa, hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā abhavissa brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti.
如是说已,裸形者咖沙巴对世尊如是说──「果德玛尊者,沙门难知,婆罗门难知。」「咖沙巴,这在世间是常态:『沙门难知,婆罗门难知。』咖沙巴,即使裸形者是裸形的,是行粗俗者,是舔手者……如此持续从事半月周期的进食实践。咖沙巴,若沙门或婆罗门以此限度、以此苦行修行而难知、极难知,则不适合说:『沙门难知,婆罗门难知。』
‘‘Sakkā ca paneso abhavissa ñātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘ayaṃ acelako hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharatī’ti.
「咖沙巴,若居士或居士子乃至婢女亦能知此苦行者——『此是裸形者,抛弃一切礼仪,舔手而食……乃至……住于半月一次定时进食之行。』
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā hoti brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Yato kho , kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
「而且,咖沙巴,因为离开此等量、离开此苦行践履,沙门或婆罗门难知、极难知,因此这适合说:『难知的沙门,难知的婆罗门。』然而,咖沙巴,当比库修习无怨、无恚、慈心,以及以诸漏尽故,于现法自己以证智作证、达上,住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,这个,咖沙巴,被称为比库是沙门、也是婆罗门。」
‘‘Sākabhakkho cepi, kassapa, hoti sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā abhavissa brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti.
「咖沙巴,即使是菜食者、稷米食者……乃至……以落果为食。而以此量度、以此苦行法而沙门或婆罗门可知,那就不该说:『沙门难知,婆罗门难知。』
‘‘Sakkā ca paneso abhavissa ñātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘ayaṃ sākabhakkho vā hoti sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī’ti.
「咖沙巴,若居士或居士子乃至婢女亦能知此苦行者——『此是菜食者、稷米食者……乃至……以落果为食。』
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā hoti brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti , āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
「咖沙巴,因为除了这程度之外,除了此苦行之外,才成为难知的、极难知的沙门或婆罗门,因此这适合说:『沙门难知,婆罗门难知。』咖沙巴,当比库修习无怨、无害、慈心,并且以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智实证、达到、住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,咖沙巴,这被称为比库是沙门,也是婆罗门。
‘‘Sāṇāni cepi, kassapa, dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā abhavissa brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti.
「咖沙巴,即使他穿麻衣……乃至……住于半月一次定时水浴之行。而以此量度、以此苦行法而沙门或婆罗门可知,那就不该说:『沙门难知,婆罗门难知。』
‘‘Sakkā ca paneso abhavissa ñātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘ayaṃ sāṇānipi dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharatī’ti.
「咖沙巴,若居士或居士子乃至婢女亦能知此苦行者——『此穿麻衣……乃至……住于半月一次定时水浴之行。』
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā hoti brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa , bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipī’’ti.
「咖沙巴,因为离开此限度、离开此苦行奋斗,沙门或婆罗门就难以知晓、极难知晓,因此,这样说是适当的:『难以知晓的沙门、难以知晓的婆罗门』。咖沙巴,当比库修习无怨、无害、慈心,并且以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证、证得、达到无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住。咖沙巴,这被称为比库是沙门、也是婆罗门。」
Sīlasamādhipaññāsampadā戒定慧成就
§400
Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katamā pana sā, bho gotama, sīlasampadā, katamā cittasampadā, katamā paññāsampadā’’ti? ‘‘Idha, kassapa, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ, sammāsambuddho…pe… (yathā 190-193 anucchedesu, evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ) bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, kāyakammavacīkammena samannāgato kusalena parisuddhājīvo sīlasampanno indriyesu guttadvāro satisampajaññena samannāgato santuṭṭho.
如是说已,裸行者咖沙巴对世尊如是说:「然而,果德玛尊者,什么是戒具足,什么是心具足,什么是慧具足?」 「咖沙巴,于此,如来出现于世,阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。他以自己的证智证知包括天、魔、梵天的世界,包括沙门、婆罗门、天、人的众生后,令其显现。他教导初善、中善、后善的法,有义、有文,他显示完全圆满、遍净的梵行。 居士或居士子,或在其他族姓中出生者,听闻那个法。听闻那个法后,他对如来获得信。具备那个所获得的信后,他如是省察:『在家是杂闹,是尘垢之道;出家是露地。住在家,不容易行完全圆满、完全清净的如螺贝的梵行。让我剃除须发,穿着袈裟衣,从在家出家成为非家。』他在其后的时间,舍弃少量的财富聚或舍弃大量的财富聚,舍弃少量的亲属圈或舍弃大量的亲属圈,剃除须发,穿着袈裟衣,从在家出家成为非家。 他如是出家,具备比库的学和生活方式,舍断杀生,离杀生,放下棍杖,放下刀,有惭,有悲,对一切有生命者住于利益、怜悯。他舍断不与取,离不与取,取所与的,期待所与的,不偷盗,以清净的自己而住。他舍断非梵行,是梵行者,是远离者,离开诸欲的鄙陋行。 他舍断妄语,离妄语,说真实,紧随真实,坚固,可信赖,不欺骗世间。他舍断两舌,离两舌,从这里听闻后不在那里说以破坏这些人,或从那里听闻后不在这里说以破坏那些人,如是调和分裂者,或加强团结者,喜爱和合,爱乐和合,欢喜和合,说作和合的言语。他舍断粗恶语,离粗恶语,说那柔和的、悦耳的、可爱的、深入心的、优雅的、众人所喜的、众人所乐的这样的语言。他舍断杂秽语,离杂秽语,说适时语,说真实语,说有义语,说法语,说律语,说有价值的、适时的、有理由的、有限度的、有利益的语言。 他是离毁坏种子类、草木类者。他是一食者,离夜食,离非时食。他是离观跳舞、歌唱、音乐、表演者。他是离戴持花鬘、用香料、涂料庄严、装饰者。他是离高床、大床者。他是离接受金银者。他是离接受生谷者。他是离接受生肉者。他是离接受女子、少女者。他是离接受女奴、男奴者。他是离接受山羊、羊者。他是离接受鸡、猪者。他是离接受象、牛、马、骡者。他是离接受田地者。他是离从事送信或跑腿者。他是离买卖者。他是离秤量欺诈、金属欺诈、度量欺诈者。他是离贿赂、欺骗、诈欺者。他是离切断、杀害、捆绑、抢夺、掠夺、暴力者。 他以包裹身体的衣满足,以养活腹部的钵食满足,他去任何地方,就持着(这些)而去。如有翼的鸟去任何地方,就只持着翼负而飞去,同样,比库以包裹身体的衣满足,以养活腹部的钵食满足,他去任何地方,就持着(这些)而去。他具备这圣戒蕴,在自己内体验无过失的乐。 他以眼见色后,不取相,不取随相。因为如果住于不防护眼根,贪、忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为了防护它而行道,守护眼根,在眼根上达到防护。他以耳听声后,不取相,不取随相。因为如果住于不防护耳根,贪、忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为了防护它而行道,守护耳根,在耳根上达到防护。他以鼻嗅香后,不取相,不取随相。因为如果住于不防护鼻根,贪、忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为了防护它而行道,守护鼻根,在鼻根上达到防护。他以舌尝味后,不取相,不取随相。因为如果住于不防护舌根,贪、忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为了防护它而行道,守护舌根,在舌根上达到防护。他以身触所触后,不取相,不取随相。因为如果住于不防护身根,贪、忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为了防护它而行道,守护身根,在身根上达到防护。他以意识法后,不取相,不取随相。因为如果住于不防护意根,贪、忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为了防护它而行道,守护意根,在意根上达到防护。他具备这圣根防护,在自己内体验无杂染的乐。 他在前进、返回时是正知者,在前视、旁视时是正知者,在弯曲、伸展时是正知者,在持桑喀帝、钵、衣时是正知者,在吃、喝、咀嚼、尝味时是正知者,在大小便时是正知者,在行、住、坐、睡、醒、说话、沉默时是正知者。 他具备这圣戒蕴,具备这圣根防护,具备这圣念正知,前往远离的坐卧处:林野、树下、山岳、幽谷、山洞、冢间、森林、露地、稻草堆。他从乞食回来,食后,结跏趺坐,使身体正直,使念现前而住。 他舍断世间的贪,以离贪的心而住,从贪净化心。他舍断嗔恨,以无嗔恨的心而住,利益、怜悯一切有生命者,从嗔恨净化心。他舍断昏沉睡眠,离昏沉睡眠而住,有光明想,具念、正知,从昏沉睡眠净化心。他舍断掉举追悔,离掉举而住,在自己内是寂静的心,从掉举追悔净化心。他舍断疑,度过疑而住,在诸善法上无疑惑,从疑净化心。 他舍断这五盖、心的随烦恼、慧的弱化者后,从诸欲离、从诸不善法离,有寻、有伺,从离所生喜、乐,具足第一禅那而住。他寻伺寂静,内洁净,心一境,无寻、无伺,从定所生喜、乐,具足第二禅那而住。他以喜离故,住于舍、念、正知,以身体验乐,如诸圣者宣说『是舍、具念、住于乐』,具足第三禅那而住。他以舍断乐、舍断苦,先前的喜、忧灭没,不苦不乐,舍念清净,具足第四禅那而住。这被称为心具足。 他如是心定、遍净、净化、无垢、离随烦恼、柔软、适合作业、住立、达到不动时,使心倾向于忆念过去世住处智。他忆念种种过去世住处,即一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、百生、千生、十万生、许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多坏成劫:『在那里我是这样名、这样姓、这样色、这样食、这样受乐苦、这样寿量;从那里死后生在那里;在那里也是这样名、这样姓、这样色、这样食、这样受乐苦、这样寿量;从那里死后生在这里。』如是他以行相、以细节,忆念种种过去世住处。 他如是心定、遍净、净化、无垢、离随烦恼、柔软、适合作业、住立、达到不动时,使心倾向于众生死生智。他以清净、超越人的天眼,看见众生死、生、下劣、胜妙、美丽、丑陋、幸福、不幸,了知众生随业而行:『这些尊者众生是身恶行具备者、语恶行具备者、意恶行具备者、诽谤圣者、邪见、取邪见业者,他们身坏死后生于苦处、恶趣、险难、地狱;或者这些尊者众生是身善行具备者、语善行具备者、意善行具备者、不诽谤圣者、正见、取正见业者,他们身坏死后生于善趣、天界。』如是他以清净、超越人的天眼,看见众生死、生、下劣、胜妙、美丽、丑陋、幸福、不幸,了知众生随业而行。 他如是心定、遍净、净化、无垢、离随烦恼、柔软、适合作业、住立、达到不动时,使心倾向于诸漏尽智。他如实了知『这是苦』,如实了知『这是苦集』,如实了知『这是苦灭』,如实了知『这是导至苦灭之道』。如实了知『这些是诸漏』,如实了知『这是诸漏集』,如实了知『这是诸漏灭』,如实了知『这是导至诸漏灭之道』。 他如是知、如是见,从欲漏心解脱,从有漏心解脱,从无明漏心解脱。解脱后,有『已解脱』之智,他了知『生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再没有这样(轮回)的状态。』这被称为慧具足。咖沙巴,这就是那戒具足,这就是那心具足,这就是那慧具足。 他见畏惧,受持学于诸学处,具备善的身业、语业,有清净的活命,戒具足,在诸根上守护门,具备念与正知,知足。
§401
‘‘Kathañca, kassapa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti? Idha, kassapa, bhikkhu pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati. Idampissa hoti sīlasampadāya …pe… (yathā 194 yāva 210 anucchedesu)
「咖沙巴,比库如何成就戒呢?咖沙巴,于此,比库舍离杀生,远离杀生,放下刀杖,有惭有愧,对一切有情怀有慈悲而住……乃至……(如沙门果经详说戒蕴全部)。
‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti . Seyyathidaṃ – santikammaṃ paṇidhikammaṃ…pe… (yathā 211 anucchede) osadhīnaṃ patimokkho iti vā iti, evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato hoti. Idampissa hoti sīlasampadāya.
「或者,如诸沙门、婆罗门尊者食用信施之食物后,以如此之畜生明——邪命而生活……乃至……(如沙门果经详说)——比库远离如此之畜生明——邪命。咖沙巴,此亦属于比库的戒成就。
‘‘Sa kho so , kassapa, bhikkhu evaṃ sīlasampanno na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ sīlasaṃvarato. Seyyathāpi, kassapa, rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto nihatapaccāmitto na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ paccatthikato. Evameva kho, kassapa, bhikkhu evaṃ sīlasampanno na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ sīlasaṃvarato. So iminā ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ anavajjasukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Evaṃ kho, kassapa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, sīlasampadā…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampissa hoti cittasampadāya…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampissa hoti cittasampadāya. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, cittasampadā.
「咖沙巴,那位比库这样戒具足,不从任何地方见到危险,也就是防护戒。咖沙巴,就像已灌顶的刹帝利王,已摧伏敌对者,不从任何地方见到危险,也就是从敌对者。同样地,咖沙巴,比库这样戒具足,不从任何地方见到危险,也就是防护戒。他具备这圣戒蕴,于内感受无过之乐。咖沙巴,比库这样是戒具足。咖沙巴,这是戒的成就。他离诸欲、离诸不善法,具寻、具伺,由离而生喜、乐,达初禅那而住。这是他心的成就。他灭寻、伺,内部变得净信,心成一境,无寻、无伺,由定而生喜、乐,达第二禅那而住。这是他心的成就。他离喜,住于舍,具念、正知,以身受乐,如诸圣者所说:『具舍、具念、住于乐』,达第三禅那而住。这是他心的成就。他断乐、断苦,先前的喜、忧已灭,不苦不乐,舍念清净,达第四禅那而住。这是他心的成就。咖沙巴,这是心的成就。」
‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte…pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti…pe… idampissa hoti paññāsampadāya…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti…pe… idampissa hoti paññāsampadāya. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, paññāsampadā.
「彼心如是得定……乃至……将心导向、转向智见……乃至……此即是他的慧成就……乃至……了知『不再有此生』……乃至……此亦是他的慧成就。
‘‘Imāya ca, kassapa, sīlasampadāya cittasampadāya paññāsampadāya aññā sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā uttaritarā vā paṇītatarā vā natthi.
「咖沙巴,除此戒成就、心成就、慧成就之外,无其他更高、更胜之戒成就、心成就、慧成就。
Sīhanādakathā狮子吼论
§402
‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sīlavādā. Te anekapariyāyena sīlassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyaṃ paramaṃ sīlaṃ, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhisīlaṃ.
「咖沙巴,有些沙门、婆罗门是说戒者。他们以种种方便赞叹戒。咖沙巴,但就圣最胜之戒而言,我于此中见不到与我相等者——更何况更胜者。唯独我在那方面更胜,即增上戒。
‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā tapojigucchāvādā. Te anekapariyāyena tapojigucchāya vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyā paramā tapojigucchā, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhijegucchaṃ.
「咖沙巴,有些沙门、婆罗门是苦行厌离说者。他们以种种方便赞叹苦行厌离。咖沙巴,但就圣最胜之苦行厌离而言,我于此中见不到与我相等者——更何况更胜者。唯独我为最胜苦行厌离中之增上苦行厌离者。
‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā paññāvādā. Te anekapariyāyena paññāya vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyā paramā paññā, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhipaññaṃ.
「咖沙巴,有些沙门、婆罗门是说慧者。他们以种种方便赞叹慧。咖沙巴,但就圣最胜之慧而言,我于此中见不到与我相等者——更何况更胜者。唯独我为最胜慧中之增上慧者。
‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā vimuttivādā. Te anekapariyāyena vimuttiyā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyā paramā vimutti, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhivimutti.
「咖沙巴,有些沙门、婆罗门是说解脱者。他们以种种方便赞叹解脱。咖沙巴,但就圣最胜之解脱而言,我于此中见不到与我相等者——更何况更胜者。唯独我为最胜解脱中之增上解脱者。
§403
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘sīhanādaṃ kho samaṇo gotamo nadati, tañca kho suññāgāre nadati, no parisāsū’ti. Te – ‘mā heva’ntissu vacanīyā. ‘Sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadatī’ti evamassu, kassapa, vacanīyā.
「咖沙巴,或有外道游方者如此说:『沙门果德玛作狮子吼,但他只在空屋中作此吼,不在众会中。』应当对他们如此说:『并非如此。沙门果德玛既作狮子吼,亦在众会中作狮子吼。』咖沙巴,此事不当如是说。
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, no ca kho visārado nadatī’ti . Te – ‘mā heva’ntissu vacanīyā. ‘Sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, visārado ca nadatī’’ti evamassu, kassapa, vacanīyā.
「咖沙巴,或有外道游方者如此说:『沙门果德玛作狮子吼,且在众会中作狮子吼,但作狮子吼时并无自信。』应当对他们如此说:『并非如此。沙门果德玛既作狮子吼,亦在众会中作狮子吼,且作狮子吼时有自信。』咖沙巴,此事不当如是说。
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, visārado ca nadati, no ca kho naṃ pañhaṃ pucchanti…pe… pañhañca naṃ pucchanti; no ca kho nesaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākaroti…pe… pañhañca nesaṃ puṭṭho byākaroti; no ca kho pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheti…pe… pañhassa ca veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheti; no ca kho sotabbaṃ maññanti…pe… sotabbañcassa maññanti; no ca kho sutvā pasīdanti…pe… sutvā cassa pasīdanti ; no ca kho pasannākāraṃ karonti…pe… pasannākārañca karonti; no ca kho tathattāya paṭipajjanti…pe… tathattāya ca paṭipajjanti; no ca kho paṭipannā ārādhentī’ti. Te – ‘mā heva’ntissu vacanīyā. ‘Sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, visārado ca nadati, pañhañca naṃ pucchanti, pañhañca nesaṃ puṭṭho byākaroti, pañhassa ca veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheti, sotabbañcassa maññanti, sutvā cassa pasīdanti, pasannākārañca karonti, tathattāya ca paṭipajjanti, paṭipannā ca ārādhentī’ti evamassu, kassapa, vacanīyā.
「咖沙巴,这是可能的,外道游方者们会如此说:『沙门果德玛吼狮子吼,在众中吼,有自信地吼,但人们不向他提问。人们向他提问,但被问到问题时,他不回答。被问到问题时,他回答,但以对问题的回答不能令心欢喜。以对问题的回答令心欢喜,但人们不认为应当听闻。人们认为应当听闻,但听闻后不净信。听闻后净信,但不作净信之相。作净信之相,但不如实践行。如实践行,但行者不能达成。』应当对他们如此说:『不要如此!』应当对他们如此说,咖沙巴:『沙门果德玛吼狮子吼,在众中吼,有自信地吼,人们向他提问,被问到问题时,他回答,以对问题的回答令心欢喜,人们认为应当听闻,听闻后净信,作净信之相,如实践行,行者能达成。』」
Titthiyaparivāsakathā外道游方者论
§404
‘‘Ekamidāhaṃ, kassapa, samayaṃ rājagahe viharāmi gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tatra maṃ aññataro tapabrahmacārī nigrodho nāma adhijegucche pañhaṃ apucchi. Tassāhaṃ adhijegucche pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsiṃ. Byākate ca pana me attamano ahosi paraṃ viya mattāyā’’ti. ‘‘Ko hi, bhante, bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā na attamano assa paraṃ viya mattāya? Ahampi hi, bhante, bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā attamano paraṃ viya mattāya. Abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante. Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti.
「咖沙巴,一时,我住在王舍城的灵鹫峰。在那里,一位名叫尼果德的苦行梵行者对我提出关于极厌恶的问题。他问我关于极厌恶的问题,我对他作了解答。在我解答后,他达到了极喜悦的状态。」「世尊,谁听闻世尊的法后会不达到极喜悦的状态呢?世尊,我听闻世尊的法后也达到了极喜悦的状态。世尊,太殊胜了!世尊,太殊胜了!世尊,譬如能扶起被推倒之物,能揭开被覆盖之物,能为迷路者指示道路,能在黑暗中持油灯——『有眼者将看见诸色』;同样地,世尊以种种方式阐明了法。世尊,我归依世尊、法及比库僧团。世尊,愿我能在世尊座下出家,愿我能得达上。」
§405
‘‘Yo kho, kassapa, aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṃ, so cattāro māse parivasati, catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti, upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya. Api ca mettha puggalavemattatā viditā’’ti. ‘‘Sace, bhante, aññatitthiyapubbā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhanti pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhanti upasampadaṃ, cattāro māse parivasanti, catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti, upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya. Ahaṃ cattāri vassāni parivasissāmi, catunnaṃ vassānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājentu, upasampādentu bhikkhubhāvāyā’’ti.
「咖沙巴,曾为外道者若于此法律中欲求出家、欲求达上,他需经过四个月的别住;四个月过后,心已确定的比库们令他出家、授予达上,即成为比库。然而,于此,我对人之差别有所了知。」「尊者,若曾为外道者于此法律中欲求出家、欲求达上需经过四个月的别住,四个月过后,心已确定的比库们令他出家、授予达上,即成为比库,那么我愿意别住四年。四年之后,心已确定的比库们令我出家、授予达上,即成为比库。」
Alattha kho acelo kassapo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ , alattha upasampadaṃ. Acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā kassapo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto na cirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti – abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā kassapo arahataṃ ahosīti.
于是裸形者咖沙巴于世尊座下得出家,得达上。受达上不久的具寿咖沙巴独处远离、不放逸、热诚、精勤而住,不久之后,即于现法中,以自己之通智证知、证得并安住于无上梵行之究竟——正是为此善男子正从家出家至非家者——了知:『生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有此生。』具寿咖沙巴成为阿拉汉之一。
Mahāsīhanādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ. · 大狮子吼经完,第八