4. Soṇadaṇḍasuttaṃ · 4. 索那丹达经
4. Soṇadaṇḍasuttaṃ4. 索那丹达经
Campeyyakabrāhmaṇagahapatikā占佩亚咖婆罗门居士众
§300
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi yena campā tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ.
如是我闻：一时，世尊在鸯伽国游行，与大比库僧团——约五百位比库同行，到达瞻波城。在那里，世尊住在瞻波城嘎嘎拉莲花池畔。当时，索那丹达婆罗门居住在人众稠密、草木水源丰富、谷物充足的瞻波城，这是马嘎达国的色尼亚·宾比萨拉王所赐的王领地、梵授地。
§301
Assosuṃ kho campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā – ‘‘samaṇo khalu bho gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti. Atha kho campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamanti.
瞻波城的婆罗门居士们听闻：「实在啊，诸贤，释迦子沙门果德玛从释迦家族出家，在鸯伽国游行，与大比库僧团——约五百位比库同行，到达了瞻波城，住在瞻波城嘎嘎拉莲花池畔。关于那位尊者果德玛，如此美好的声誉传扬开来：『他确实是世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。』他以自己的智证，宣说包括天、魔、梵的世界，包括沙门、婆罗门、天人的众生。他说法初善、中善、后善，有义有文，宣示圆满清净的梵行。善哉，得见如此阿拉汉！」于是瞻波城的婆罗门居士们从瞻波城出来，成群结队地前往嘎嘎拉莲花池。
§302
Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo uparipāsāde divāseyyaṃ upagato hoti. Addasā kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūte yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamante. Disvā khattaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, bho khatte, campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamantī’’ti? ‘‘Atthi kho, bho, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Tamete bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bho khatte, yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike evaṃ vadehi – ‘soṇadaṇḍo, bho, brāhmaṇo evamāha – āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho so khattā soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike etadavoca – ‘‘soṇadaṇḍo bho brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’’ti.
尔时,索那丹达婆罗门上到楼上,正在午休。索那丹达婆罗门看见占巴城的婆罗门居士们从占巴城出来,群群结队地前往嘎嘎喇莲池。看见后,他召唤仆人说:「喂,仆人!为什么占巴城的婆罗门居士们从占巴城出来,群群结队地前往嘎嘎喇莲池?」「尊者!有位沙门果德玛,是释迦子,从释迦家族出家,在鸯伽国游行,与大比库僧团五百位比库一起,来到占巴城,住在占巴城嘎嘎喇莲池岸边。关于那位尊者果德玛,这样的美好名声已传开:『如此,那位世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。』他们正是为了拜见那位尊者果德玛而前往。」「那么,喂,仆人!请你前往占巴城的婆罗门居士们那里;前往后,对占巴城的婆罗门居士们这样说:『尊者们!索那丹达婆罗门这样说:请诸位尊者等一等,索那丹达婆罗门也将前往拜见沙门果德玛。』」「是的,尊者!」那位仆人应诺索那丹达婆罗门后,前往占巴城的婆罗门居士们那里;前往后,对占巴城的婆罗门居士们这样说:「尊者们!索那丹达婆罗门这样说:『请诸位尊者等一等,索那丹达婆罗门也将前往拜见沙门果德玛。』」
Soṇadaṇḍaguṇakathā索那丹达功德论
§303
Tena kho pana samayena nānāverajjakānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ pañcamattāni brāhmaṇasatāni campāyaṃ paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Assosuṃ kho te brāhmaṇā – ‘‘soṇadaṇḍo kira brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti. Atha kho te brāhmaṇā yena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘saccaṃ kira bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ kho me, bho, hoti – ‘ahampi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmī’’’ti.
尔时，五百名来自他乡的婆罗门由于某些事住在瞻波城。那些婆罗门听闻：『索那丹达婆罗门将去拜见沙门果德玛。』那时，那些婆罗门走近索那丹达婆罗门；走近后，对索那丹达婆罗门说：『尊者索那丹达去拜见沙门果德玛是真的吗？』『诸君，确是如此，我将去拜见那位沙门果德玛。』「尊者索那丹达不要去拜见沙门果德玛。尊者索那丹达不适合去拜见沙门果德玛。如果尊者索那丹达去拜见沙门果德玛，尊者索那丹达的名声就会损减，沙门果德玛的名声就会增长。因为尊者索那丹达的名声会损减，沙门果德玛的名声会增长，以此理由，尊者索那丹达不适合去拜见沙门果德玛；沙门果德玛才应该来拜见尊者索那丹达。
‘‘Mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkami. Na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Sace bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissati, bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati. Yampi bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati , imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
「尊者索那丹达不应前往见沙门果德玛。尊者索那丹达不适合前往见沙门果德玛。如果尊者索那丹达前往见沙门果德玛,尊者索那丹达的名声将减损,沙门果德玛的名声将增长。若尊者索那丹达的名声减损,沙门果德玛的名声增长,以此因缘,尊者索那丹达不应前往见沙门果德玛;沙门果德玛才应前往见尊者索那丹达。
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
「索那丹达先生确实两边生得好,母系和父系,血统纯净,直到七代祖先,在出身方面无可指责、无可非难。索那丹达先生两边生得好,母系和父系,血统纯净,直到七代祖先,在出身方面无可指责、无可非难,但以这个理由,索那丹达先生不应该前往拜见沙门果德玛;沙门果德玛才应该前来拜见索那丹达先生。
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo…pe…
「尊者索那丹达富有、有大财、有大受用……」
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo ajjhāyako , mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo…pe…
「尊者索那丹达是诵经者、持咒者，通达三吠陀以及词汇释义、仪轨、语音分析和古传说为第五的经典，精通句法和文法，通晓顺世论和大人相……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya…pe…
「尊者索那丹达容貌端正、令人喜悦、令人欢喜，具足最上的肤色之美，梵色梵容，仪表堂堂，非凡相貌……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo sīlavā vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato…pe…
「尊者索那丹达持戒、戒增上、具足增上戒……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo kalyāṇavāco kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā…pe…
「尊者索那丹达言辞美妙、语调优美，具备都市人的语言，清晰不含糊，能阐明义理……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo bahūnaṃ ācariyapācariyo tīṇi māṇavakasatāni mante vāceti. Bahū kho pana nānādisā nānājanapadā māṇavakā āgacchanti bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa santike mantatthikā mante adhiyitukāmā …pe…
「尊者索那丹达是众人的老师中的老师，教授三百青年婆罗门咒颂。众多各地、各国的青年婆罗门来到尊者索那丹达处，希望学习咒颂……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto; samaṇo gotamo taruṇo ceva taruṇapabbajito ca…pe…
「尊者索那丹达年长、年迈、老耆、已过壮年；沙门果德玛年轻，出家也早……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
「尊者索那丹达受到马嘎达国色尼亚·宾比萨拉王的敬重、尊重、恭敬、供养、礼遇……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
「尊者索那丹达受到婆罗门逋伽沙帝的敬重、尊重、恭敬、供养、礼遇……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ, rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Yampi bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ, rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitu’’nti.
「尊者索那丹达居住在人众稠密、草木水源丰富、谷物充足的瞻波城，这是马嘎达国的色尼亚·宾比萨拉王所赐的王领地、梵授地。因为尊者索那丹达居住在人众稠密、草木水源丰富、谷物充足的瞻波城，这是马嘎达国的色尼亚·宾比萨拉王所赐的王领地、梵授地，以此理由，尊者索那丹达不适合去拜见沙门果德玛；沙门果德玛才应该来拜见尊者索那丹达。」
Buddhaguṇakathā佛功德论
§304
Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca –
如是说已，索那丹达婆罗门对那些婆罗门说——
‘‘Tena hi, bho, mamapi suṇātha, yathā mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; natveva arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi bho samaṇo gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ ; atha kho mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
「那么,诸君,也请听我说,为何我们应该前往拜见那位果德玛尊者,而那位果德玛尊者不应前来拜见我们。诸君,沙门果德玛父母双方都是善生,母系与父系都是纯净受胎,直至第七代祖父母,在出生论方面无可指责、无可非难。诸君,既然沙门果德玛父母双方都是善生,母系与父系都是纯净受胎,直至第七代祖父母,在出生论方面无可指责、无可非难,以这一点来说,那位果德玛尊者不应前来拜见我们,而是我们应该前往拜见那位果德玛尊者。
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo mahantaṃ ñātisaṅghaṃ ohāya pabbajito…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛年轻时——黑发少年、正值青春年华——就从在家生活出家为无家者……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo pahūtaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ ohāya pabbajito bhūmigatañca vehāsaṭṭhaṃ ca…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛在父母不愿意、泪流满面时，剃除须发，披着袈裟，从在家生活出家为无家者……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo daharova samāno yuvā susukāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato paṭhamena vayasā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛容貌端正、令人喜悦、令人欢喜，具足最上的肤色之美，梵色梵容，仪表堂堂，非凡相貌……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo akāmakānaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ assumukhānaṃ rudantānaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛持戒、具圣戒、具善戒、具足善戒……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, brahmavaṇṇī, brahmavacchasī, akhuddāvakāso dassanāya…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛言辞美妙、语调优美，具备都市人的语言，清晰不含糊，能阐明义理……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sīlavā ariyasīlī kusalasīlī kusalasīlena samannāgato…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛是众人的老师中的老师……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo kalyāṇavāco kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛已灭尽欲贪，舍离轻浮……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo bahūnaṃ ācariyapācariyo…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛是业论者、作用论者，对婆罗门众不怀恶意……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo khīṇakāmarāgo vigatacāpallo…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛出身于高贵的刹帝利族，纯正无杂的刹帝利血统……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo kammavādī kiriyavādī apāpapurekkhāro brahmaññāya pajāya…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛出身于富裕之家，财产丰厚、资财充裕……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo uccā kulā pabbajito asambhinnakhattiyakulā…pe…
「诸贤，远方的国土、远方的城镇的人们都来向沙门果德玛请教问题……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo aḍḍhā kulā pabbajito mahaddhanā mahābhogā…pe…
「诸贤，数以千计的天神皈命归依了沙门果德玛……
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ tiroraṭṭhā tirojanapadā pañhaṃ pucchituṃ āgacchanti…pe…
「诸贤，关于沙门果德玛，如此美好的声誉传扬开来：『他确实是世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。』……
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ anekāni devatāsahassāni pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gatāni…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛具足三十二大人相……
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ ti…pe…
「听说,先生,果德玛沙门有如是美好的名声流传──『如是彼世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊』」
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛受到四众的敬重、尊重、恭敬、供养、礼遇……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ehisvāgatavādī sakhilo sammodako abbhākuṭiko uttānamukho pubbabhāsī…pe…
「诸贤，众多的天和人对沙门果德玛深生净信……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo catunnaṃ parisānaṃ sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛住在哪个村庄或城镇，那个村庄或城镇的非人就不会伤害人类……
‘‘Samaṇe khalu, bho, gotame bahū devā ca manussā ca abhippasannā…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛有僧团、有徒众、是徒众之师，被各外道奉为最上。诸贤，那些沙门婆罗门的名声是以各种方式获得的，但沙门果德玛的名声不是那样获得的。沙门果德玛的名声是以无上的明行具足获得的……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā paṭivasati, na tasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā amanussā manusse viheṭhenti…pe…
「诸贤，马嘎达国的色尼亚·宾比萨拉王与其子、妻子、眷属、大臣们都皈命归依了沙门果德玛……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo saṅghī gaṇī gaṇācariyo puthutitthakarānaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Yathā kho pana, bho, etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ yathā vā tathā vā yaso samudāgacchati, na hevaṃ samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato. Atha kho anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato…pe…
「贤者啊,沙门果德玛确实是僧团的领导者、群众的领导者、群众的老师,是众多异教派导师中的首领。贤者啊,那些沙门婆罗门们的名声,无论以何种方式传扬,沙门果德玛的名声并非如此传扬。相反,沙门果德玛的名声是因为无上的明行具足而传扬。
贤者啊,沙门果德玛确实是僧团的领导者、群众的领导者、群众的老师,是众多异教派导师中的首领。贤者啊,那些沙门婆罗门们的名声,无论以何种方式传扬,沙门果德玛的名声并非如此传扬。相反,沙门果德玛的名声是因为无上的明行具足而传扬。」
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
「诸贤，婆罗门逋伽沙帝与其子、妻子、眷属、大臣们都皈命归依了沙门果德玛……
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛受到马嘎达国的色尼亚·宾比萨拉王的敬重、尊重、恭敬、供养、礼遇……
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛受到国萨拉国的巴谢那帝王的敬重、尊重、恭敬、供养、礼遇……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛受到婆罗门逋伽沙帝的敬重、尊重、恭敬、供养、礼遇……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo rañño pasenadissa kosalassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
「诸贤，沙门果德玛已到达了瞻波城，住在嘎嘎拉莲花池畔。诸贤，凡是来到我们领地的沙门或婆罗门，都是我们的客人。客人应该受到我们的敬重、尊重、恭敬、供养、礼遇。诸贤，沙门果德玛已到达瞻波城，住在嘎嘎拉莲花池畔，他是我们的客人。客人应该受到我们的敬重、尊重、恭敬、供养、礼遇。以此理由，那位尊者果德玛不适合来拜见我们，我们才应该去拜见那位尊者果德玛。诸贤，我所知道的那位尊者果德玛的功德只是这么多，但那位尊者果德玛的功德并非只有这些，因为那位尊者果德玛的功德是无量的。」
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
如是说已，那些婆罗门对索那丹达婆罗门说：「按照尊者索那丹达对沙门果德玛功德的称赞，即使那位尊者果德玛住在百由旬之外，有信心的善男子也应该前去拜见，即使背着干粮。」「那么，诸贤，我们大家一起去拜见沙门果德玛吧。」
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo campaṃ anuppatto, campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Ye kho pana, bho, keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā amhākaṃ gāmakhettaṃ āgacchanti atithī no te honti. Atithī kho panamhehi sakkātabbā garukātabbā mānetabbā pūjetabbā apacetabbā. Yampi, bho, samaṇo gotamo campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre, atithimhākaṃ samaṇo gotamo; atithi kho panamhehi sakkātabbo garukātabbo mānetabbo pūjetabbo apacetabbo. Imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Atha kho mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Ettake kho ahaṃ, bho, tassa bhoto gotamassa vaṇṇe pariyāpuṇāmi, no ca kho so bhavaṃ gotamo ettakavaṇṇo. Aparimāṇavaṇṇo hi so bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti.
于是索那丹达婆罗门与大批婆罗门一起前往嘎嘎拉莲花池。当索那丹达婆罗门行至林丛之间时，心中生起了如此思虑：「如果我向沙门果德玛提问，沙门果德玛可能会这样说：『婆罗门，此问不应如此问，婆罗门，此问应当如此问。』那么这群人就会轻视我：『索那丹达婆罗门愚蠢无能，不能如理向沙门果德玛提问。』若被这群人轻视，名声就会损减。名声损减者，财富也会损减。而我们的财富正是因名声而得的。再者，如果沙门果德玛向我提问，而我的回答不能令他满意，沙门果德玛可能会这样说：『婆罗门，此问不应如此回答，婆罗门，此问应当如此回答。』那么这群人就会轻视我……
§305
Evaṃ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yathā kho bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇassa gotamassa vaṇṇe bhāsati ito cepi so bhavaṃ gotamo yojanasate viharati, alameva saddhena kulaputtena dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ api puṭosenā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bho, sabbeva mayaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmā’’ti.
于是索那丹达婆罗门来到世尊处；到达后，与世尊互相问候。交换了友好的寒暄之语后，坐在一旁。瞻波城的婆罗门居士们也有些礼敬世尊后坐在一旁；有些与世尊互相问候后坐在一旁；有些向世尊合掌后坐在一旁；有些通报姓名后坐在一旁；有些则沉默地坐在一旁。
Soṇadaṇḍaparivitakko索那丹达之思量
§306
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo mahatā brāhmaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa tirovanasaṇḍagatassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa , pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ yoniso pañhaṃ pucchitu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṃ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ na ārādheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ byākātabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādhetu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana evaṃ samīpagato samāno adisvāva samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ nivatteyyaṃ, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto mānathaddho bhīto ca, no visahati samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ, kathañhi nāma evaṃ samīpagato samāno adisvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ nivattissatī’ti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ, yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā’’ti.
那时,索那丹达婆罗门与大婆罗门众一起前往嘎嘎拉莲池。那时,当索那丹达婆罗门来到林丛边时,他心中生起如是思惟:「我若向沙门果德玛问问题;在那里,如果沙门果德玛对我这样说:『婆罗门!不应这样问这个问题,婆罗门!应这样问这个问题』,那么,这个众会就会轻视我:『索那丹达婆罗门愚钝、无能,不能如理地向沙门果德玛问问题』。当这个众会轻视时,他的名声也会衰退。当名声衰退时,他的财富也会衰退。我们的财富是由名声得来的。如果沙门果德玛向我问问题,而我以那个问题的解答不能使他的心喜悦;在那里,如果沙门果德玛对我这样说:『婆罗门!不应这样解答这个问题,婆罗门!应这样解答这个问题』,那么,这个众会就会轻视我:『索那丹达婆罗门愚钝、无能,不能以对沙门果德玛问题的解答使心喜悦』。当这个众会轻视时,他的名声也会衰退。当名声衰退时,他的财富也会衰退。我们的财富是由名声得来的。如果我这样已到近处,不见沙门果德玛就返回,那么,这个众会就会轻视我:『索那丹达婆罗门愚钝、无能、我慢僵化而且畏惧,不敢前去会见沙门果德玛,怎么会这样已到近处而不见沙门果德玛就返回呢?』当这个众会轻视时,他的名声也会衰退。当名声衰退时,他的财富也会衰退。我们的财富是由名声得来的。」
§307
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Campeyyakāpi kho brāhmaṇagahapatikā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu; sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.
那时,索那丹达咖婆罗门去到世尊那里;去到之后,与世尊相互问候。互相问候、可忆念的交谈后,在一旁坐下。占贝亚的婆罗门居士们当中,有些人礼拜世尊后在一旁坐下;有些人与世尊相互问候,互相问候、可忆念的交谈后,在一旁坐下;有些人向世尊合掌后在一旁坐下;有些人告知姓名后在一旁坐下;有些人保持沉默地在一旁坐下。
§308
Tatrapi sudaṃ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo etadeva bahulamanuvitakkento nisinno hoti – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ yoniso pañhaṃ pucchitu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṃ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ na ārādheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ byākātabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādhetu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Aho vata maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādheyyaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’’ti.
在那里,索那丹达婆罗门坐着,正是频繁地如此思虑:「然而我若询问沙门果德玛问题,在那里,若沙门果德玛如此对我说:『婆罗门,这个问题不应如此询问,婆罗门,这个问题应如此询问』,以此,这个会众会轻蔑我:『索那丹达婆罗门是愚痴的、不熟练的,不能如理地询问沙门果德玛问题』。然而这个会众若轻蔑,他的名望也会减损。然而若谁的名望减损,他的财富也会减损。因为我们的财富是依名望获得的。然而若沙门果德玛询问我问题,我以那个问题的解答不能使心满意,在那里,若沙门果德玛如此对我说:『婆罗门,这个问题不应如此解答,婆罗门,这个问题应如此解答』,以此,这个会众会轻蔑我:『索那丹达婆罗门是愚痴的、不熟练的,不能以沙门果德玛的问题的解答使心满意』。然而这个会众若轻蔑,他的名望也会减损。然而若谁的名望减损,他的财富也会减损。因为我们的财富是依名望获得的。唉!但愿沙门果德玛询问我关于自己的老师传承的三明问题,我必定能以那个问题的解答使心满意!」
Brāhmaṇapaññatti婆罗门施设
§309
Atha kho bhagavato soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi – ‘‘vihaññati kho ayaṃ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo sakena cittena. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katihi pana, brāhmaṇa, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti?
「婆罗门，这四个条件中，可以去掉一个条件，以三个条件认定一个人为婆罗门，能说『我是婆罗门』而正确地说，且不犯妄语吗？」「可以，尊者果德玛。尊者果德玛，这四个条件中，我们可以去掉咒颂。咒颂有什么用呢？尊者果德玛，只要婆罗门父母双方善生、血统纯正、七代以来出身无瑕、无可指责的；持戒、戒增上、具足增上戒；聪明有慧，是执勺者中第一或第二位。尊者果德玛，以这三个条件，婆罗门们认定一个人为婆罗门，能说『我是婆罗门』而正确地说，且不犯妄语。」
§310
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃ vata no ahosi icchitaṃ, yaṃ ākaṅkhitaṃ, yaṃ adhippetaṃ, yaṃ abhipatthitaṃ – ‘aho vata maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādheyyaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’ti, tatra maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ pucchati. Addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādhessāmi pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’’ti.
「婆罗门，这三个条件中，可以去掉一个条件，以两个条件认定一个人为婆罗门，能说『我是婆罗门』而正确地说，且不犯妄语吗？」「可以，尊者果德玛。尊者果德玛，这三个条件中，我们可以去掉出身。出身有什么用呢？尊者果德玛，只要婆罗门持戒、戒增上、具足增上戒；聪明有慧，是执勺者中第一或第二位。尊者果德玛，以这两个条件，婆罗门们认定一个人为婆罗门，能说『我是婆罗门』而正确地说，且不犯妄语。」
§311
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abbhunnāmetvā kāyaṃ anuviloketvā parisaṃ bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pañcahi, bho gotama, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyya. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako hoti mantadharo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; abhirūpo hoti dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya; sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
于是索那丹达婆罗门伸直身体,观看众会,对世尊说此:「果德玛大德,婆罗门们施设具足五支的婆罗门为婆罗门;而说『我是婆罗门』者是正说,且不会陷入妄语。哪五种呢?果德玛大德,于此,婆罗门两方出生良好,由母方和由父方,血统纯净,直到七代祖先,在出生的言说上未被指责、未被诋毁;通晓诵习,持咒者,精通三吠陀,连同词汇、仪轨、音韵和词源学,以传说为第五,通达词句、文法、世间论和大人相,无有缺失;容貌端正,见之可喜,令人欢悦,具足最高的肤色光泽,梵色,梵容,不卑贱,值得观看;具戒,增长戒,具足增长戒;有慧,有智,是第一或第二持祭杓者。果德玛大德,婆罗门们施设具足这五支的婆罗门为婆罗门;而说『我是婆罗门』者是正说,且不会陷入妄语。」
‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, pañcannaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā , bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, pañcannaṃ aṅgānaṃ vaṇṇaṃ ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi vaṇṇo karissati? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako ca hoti mantadharo ca tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho bho gotama catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
「婆罗门!这五支中,能否舍去一支,婆罗门们以具足四支来施设婆罗门,如此说『我是婆罗门』者会是正说,而且不会犯妄语?」「能的,果德玛先生!果德玛先生!这五支中,我们舍去容貌。容貌能做什么呢?果德玛先生!当婆罗门两边都出生良好,从母系与父系都血统纯正,直到第七代祖先都无可指责、无可非难于出生论;是讽诵者,持咒者,通晓三吠陀,连同词汇、祭仪、音韵论及词源学,以及历史为第五,精通句子、文法,熟悉世间论及大人相;具戒,增上戒,具足增上戒;是贤智者,有慧者,是第一或第二持勺者。果德玛先生!婆罗门们以具足这四支来施设婆罗门,如此说『我是婆罗门』者会是正说,而且不会犯妄语。」
§312
‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, catunnaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, catunnaṃ aṅgānaṃ mante ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi mantā karissanti? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
「然而,婆罗门,这四个要素中,婆罗门们能否舍弃一个要素,以具足三个要素来安立婆罗门为『婆罗门』;而说『我是婆罗门』的人会是正说,而且不会犯妄语呢?」「能,果德玛先生。果德玛先生,这四个要素中,我们舍弃真言。真言能做什么呢?果德玛先生,当婆罗门父母双方都出身良好,母系和父系都血统纯净,追溯到七代祖先都无可指责、无可非难;并且他有戒、具长养的戒、具足长养的戒;并且他有慧、聪慧,是持诵祭祀颂者中的第一或第二。果德玛先生,具足这三个要素,婆罗门们安立婆罗门为『婆罗门』;说『我是婆罗门』的人会是正说,而且不会犯妄语。」
‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, tiṇṇaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, tiṇṇaṃ aṅgānaṃ jātiṃ ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi jāti karissati? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
当时，索那丹达婆罗门的外甥鸯伽迦青年正坐在那群人中。于是索那丹达婆罗门对那些婆罗门说：「各位看到这位鸯伽迦青年——我们的外甥吗？」「是的，尊者。」「鸯伽迦青年确实容貌端正、令人喜悦、令人欢喜，具足最上的肤色之美，梵色梵容，仪表堂堂，在这群人中，除了沙门果德玛外，没有人在容貌上能与他相比。鸯伽迦青年是诵经者、持咒者，通达三吠陀以及词汇释义、仪轨、语音分析和古传说为第五的经典，精通句法和文法，通晓顺世论和大人相。我就是教他咒颂的。鸯伽迦青年父母双方善生、血统纯正、七代以来出身无瑕、无可指责的。我知道他的母系和父系。然而，如果鸯伽迦青年杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语、饮酒，那么容貌、咒颂、出身对他有什么用呢？诸贤，只有当婆罗门持戒、戒增上、具足增上戒，聪明有慧，是执勺者中第一或第二位，以这两个条件，婆罗门们才认定一个人为婆罗门，能说『我是婆罗门』而正确地说，且不犯妄语。」
§313
Evaṃ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo evaṃ avaca, mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo evaṃ avaca. Apavadateva bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṃ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṃ ekaṃsena. Bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṃ anupakkhandatī’’ti.
当如是说时，那些婆罗门对犬杖婆罗门这样说：「尊者犬杖不应这样说，尊者犬杖不应这样说。尊者犬杖确实在毁谤赞叹，毁谤咒术，毁谤种姓的一边性。尊者犬杖只是在追随沙门果德玛的论调。」
§314
Atha kho bhagavā te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘sace kho tumhākaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘appassuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, akalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, duppañño ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, na ca pahoti soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatu soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, tumhe mayā saddhiṃ mantavho asmiṃ vacane. Sace pana tumhākaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘bahussuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, paṇḍito ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, pahoti ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatha tumhe, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo mayā saddhiṃ paṭimantetū’’ti.
「那么，婆罗门，什么是那个戒？什么是那个慧？」「尊者果德玛，对此我们只知道这么多。善哉，若能请尊者果德玛阐明此语的义理。」「那么，婆罗门，你仔细听，好好思惟，我将说。」「好的，尊者。」索那丹达婆罗门回答世尊。世尊如此说：「婆罗门，在此，如来出现于世，阿拉汉、正自觉者……（如同第190-212段，应如此详说）如是，婆罗门，比库成就戒。这就是那个戒，婆罗门……成就并安住于初禅那……第二禅那……第三禅那……成就并安住于第四禅那……将心导向、转向智见。这就是那个慧，婆罗门……了知『不再有此生』。这就是那个慧，婆罗门。这就是那个戒，这就是那个慧。」
§315
Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tuṇhī bhavaṃ gotamo hotu, ahameva tesaṃ sahadhammena paṭivacanaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘mā bhavanto evaṃ avacuttha, mā bhavanto evaṃ avacuttha – ‘apavadateva bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṃ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṃ ekaṃsena. Bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṃ anupakkhandatī’ti. Nāhaṃ, bho, apavadāmi vaṇṇaṃ vā mante vā jātiṃ vā’’ti.
如是说已，索那丹达婆罗门对世尊如此说道：「请尊者果德玛停下，请尊者果德玛保持沉默，我自己将如法地回答他们。」于是，索那丹达婆罗门对那些婆罗门如此说道：「诸位尊者，请不要这样说，请不要这样说：『尊者索那丹达确实在贬低赞叹，在贬低咒文，在贬低种姓。尊者索那丹达只是追随沙门果德玛的论调。』诸位，我并没有贬低赞叹、咒文或种姓。」
§316
Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa bhāgineyyo aṅgako nāma māṇavako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘passanti no bhonto imaṃ aṅgakaṃ māṇavakaṃ amhākaṃ bhāgineyya’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’. ‘‘Aṅgako kho, bho, māṇavako abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya, nāssa imissaṃ parisāyaṃ samasamo atthi vaṇṇena ṭhapetvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo. Ahamassa mante vācetā. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Ahamassa mātāpitaro jānāmi. Aṅgako kho māṇavako pāṇampi haneyya, adinnampi ādiyeyya , paradārampi gaccheyya, musāvādampi bhaṇeyya, majjampi piveyya, ettha dāni, bho, kiṃ vaṇṇo karissati, kiṃ mantā, kiṃ jāti? Yato kho, bho, brāhmaṇo sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato, paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
尔时,索那丹达婆罗门的外甥名叫安嘎咖的学童坐在那个会众中。于是索那丹达婆罗门对那些婆罗门说:「诸位尊者是否看见这位安嘎咖学童,我们的外甥?」「是的,尊者。」「尊者们,安嘎咖学童端正、好看、悦意,具足最上的色泽光辉,梵色梵貌,容貌不差,值得观看,在这个会众中,除了沙门果德玛之外,没有任何人在容貌上与他相等。安嘎咖学童是诵习者、持咒者,对三吠陀精通,连同词汇、祭仪、音韵、词源、古史为第五者,通晓语法,在世俗论和大人相中无不精通。我是他的咒文老师。安嘎咖学童母系父系双方俱生,纯净出生,直到第七代父母,在出生方面无可指责、无可非难。我认识他的父母。尊者们,即使安嘎咖学童杀生,也不与取,也与别人之妻交往,也说妄语,也饮酒,那么,尊者们,在这里容貌有什么用呢?咒文有什么用呢?出生有什么用呢?尊者们,由于婆罗门既有戒、具足增上戒、具备增上戒,又有慧、有智,是第一或第二去拿取祭匙的。尊者们,诸婆罗门施设具备这二支的婆罗门为婆罗门;若说『我是婆罗门』,就是正说,而不会陷入妄语。」
Sīlapaññākathā戒慧论
§317
‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā ekena aṅgena samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama. Sīlaparidhotā hi, bho gotama, paññā; paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, hatthena vā hatthaṃ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṃ dhoveyya; evameva kho, bho gotama, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’ti. ‘‘Evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa, evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā hi, brāhmaṇa, paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, hatthena vā hatthaṃ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṃ dhoveyya; evameva kho, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati .
「然而,婆罗门,这两支中,舍去一支,以一支具足的话,婆罗门们能否施设婆罗门,说『我是婆罗门』而正说,并且不会陷入妄语呢?」「尊者果德玛,这不可能。因为,尊者果德玛,慧被戒洗净;戒被慧洗净。有戒之处即有慧,有慧之处即有戒。具戒者有慧,具慧者有戒。而且戒与慧在世间被称为第一。犹如,尊者果德玛,以手洗手,或以足洗足;同样地,尊者果德玛,慧被戒洗净,戒被慧洗净。有戒之处即有慧,有慧之处即有戒。具戒者有慧,具慧者有戒。而且戒与慧在世间被称为第一。」「确实如此,婆罗门,确实如此,婆罗门,因为,婆罗门,慧被戒洗净,戒被慧洗净。有戒之处即有慧,有慧之处即有戒。具戒者有慧,具慧者有戒。而且戒与慧在世间被称为第一。犹如,婆罗门,以手洗手,或以足洗足;同样地,婆罗门,慧被戒洗净,戒被慧洗净。有戒之处即有慧,有慧之处即有戒。具戒者有慧,具慧者有戒。而且戒与慧在世间被称为第一。
§318
‘‘Katamaṃ pana taṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṃ? Katamā sā paññā’’ti? ‘‘Ettakaparamāva mayaṃ, bho gotama, etasmiṃ atthe. Sādhu vata bhavantaṃyeva gotamaṃ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, suṇohi; sādhukaṃ manasikarohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘idha, brāhmaṇa, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho…pe… (yathā 190-212 anucchedesu tathā vitthāretabbaṃ). Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti. Idaṃ kho taṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṃ…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati, abhininnāmeti. Idampissa hoti paññāya…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti, idampissa hoti paññāya ayaṃ kho sā, brāhmaṇa, paññā’’ti.
「那么,婆罗门,什么是那戒?什么是那慧呢?」「果德玛尊者,我们在这个义理上只知道这么多。善哉!请果德玛尊者分别论这所说的义理。」「那么,婆罗门,你听!你要善作意!我要说了。」「是的,尊者。」索那丹达婆罗门回答世尊。世尊说此:「婆罗门,于此,如来出现于世间,是阿拉汉、正自觉者……(如第190-212段所述那样详细分别论)。婆罗门,比库如此达上。婆罗门,这就是那戒……证得初禅而住……第二禅……第三禅……证得第四禅而住……他引导心、倾向心于智见。这是他的慧……他了知:『再无后有。』这是他的慧。婆罗门,这就是那慧。」
Soṇadaṇḍaupāsakattapaṭivedanā索那丹达近事男性之表明
§319
Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ , bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama . Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca, bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gataṃ . Adhivāsetu ca me bhavaṃ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
如是说时,索那丹达婆罗门对世尊如此说道:「尊敬的果德玛,太殊胜了!尊敬的果德玛,太殊胜了!尊敬的果德玛,犹如将倾覆者扶正,将覆盖者揭开,为迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持来油灯,使有眼者得见诸色;正是如此,尊敬的果德玛以种种方便阐明了法。我归依尊敬的果德玛、法以及比库僧团。愿尊敬的果德玛忆持我为近事男,从今日起乃至命终归依。并愿尊敬的果德玛接受我明日的供养,与比库僧团一起。」世尊以沉默接受了。
§320
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.
于是索那丹达婆罗门知道世尊已默许后,从座而起,礼敬世尊,行右绕礼后离去。于是索那丹达婆罗门在那夜过后,在自己的住所准备了殊妙的副食与主食,派人向世尊报时:「果德玛尊者,时间到了,食物已备办好。」于是世尊在上午时分穿好衣,拿着钵与衣,与比库僧团一起前往索那丹达婆罗门的住所;抵达后,坐在已设置的座位上。于是索那丹达婆罗门亲手以殊妙的副食与主食供养、款待以佛陀为首的比库僧团。
§321
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno āsanā vuṭṭhahitvā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ, tena maṃ sā parisā paribhaveyya. Yaṃ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno añjaliṃ paggaṇheyyaṃ, āsanā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo paccuṭṭhānaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno veṭhanaṃ omuñceyyaṃ, sirasā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo abhivādanaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno yānā paccorohitvā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ, tena maṃ sā parisā paribhaveyya. Yaṃ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha, yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno patodalaṭṭhiṃ abbhunnāmeyyaṃ, yānā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo paccorohanaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno chattaṃ apanāmeyyaṃ, sirasā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo abhivādanaṃ dhāretū’’ti.
那时,索那丹达婆罗门在世尊用食完毕、手离钵后,取了某个低座,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的索那丹达婆罗门对世尊这样说:「果德玛尊者,如果我在大众中从座位起立礼敬果德玛尊者,那大众会轻视我。如果那大众轻视我,我的名声就会减损。如果名声减损,财富也会减损。我们的财富是依名声而得的。果德玛尊者,如果我在大众中合掌,请果德玛尊者接受这作为我从座位起立。果德玛尊者,如果我在大众中解下头巾,请果德玛尊者接受这作为我以头礼敬。果德玛尊者,如果我在乘车时从车上下来礼敬果德玛尊者,那大众会轻视我。如果那大众轻视我,我的名声就会减损。如果名声减损,财富也会减损。我们的财富是依名声而得的。果德玛尊者,如果我在乘车时举起驱象棒,请果德玛尊者接受这作为我从车上下来。果德玛尊者,如果我在乘车时放下伞盖,请果德玛尊者接受这作为我以头礼敬。」
§322
Atha kho bhagavā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmīti.
于是,世尊以法语开示、劝导、鼓励、使索那丹达婆罗门欢喜后,从座起立而离去。
Soṇadaṇḍasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ. · 索那丹达经完 第四